初中英语说明文试题

Can dolphins talk? Maybe they can’t talk with words, but they talk with sounds. They show their feelings with sounds.
Dolphins travel in a group. We call a group of fish“a school(一群)。” They don’t study, but they travel together. Dolphins are mammals(哺乳动物)，not fish, but they swim together like fish in a school.
Dolphins talk to the other dolphins in the school. They give information. They tell when they are happy or sad or afraid. They say” welcome” when a dolphin comes back to the school. They talk when they play.
They make a few sounds above water. They make many more sounds under water. People cannot hear these sounds because they are very, very high. Scientists make tapes of the sounds and study them.
Sometimes people catch a dolphin for a large aquarium(水族馆). People can watch the dolphins in a show. Dolphins don’t like to be away from their school in an aquarium. They are sad and lonely.
There are many stories about dolphins. They help people. Sometimes they save somebody’s life. Dolphins’ meat is good, but people don’t like to kill them. They say that dolphins bring good luck. Many people believe this.
The word“school”means      .

A．a place for students to study

B．a special kind of animals

C．a group of fish traveling together

D．a place for training dolphins

A dolphin makes a sound to        .

A．show other dolphins they are happy

B．tell other dolphins they are sad

C．let people know they are afraid

D．give information to other dolphins

People can’t hear dolphins’ sounds under the water      .

A．because they are very, very low

B．because they are very, very high

C．because they only make a few sounds

D．because they want to keep it as a secret

Dolphins would like to       .

A．study at schools	B．be away from their schools
C．stay with other dolphins	D．be in shows

The best title for this passage is      .

A．The Dolphin	B．Schools of Dolphins
C．Dolphin’s Talk	D．Man’s Friend

What is the hottest English word these years？"Selfie"（自拍） may be one of them． It was even（1） 　　Word of the Year by Oxford Dictionaries in 2013． The word was（2） 　　used in an Australian online forum（论坛）in 2002． Now（3） 　　everybody knows it． Talking selfie is（4） 　　among people around the world．

Selfie is a photo that one takes of oneself． People usually take selfies（5） 　　a smart phone and send them to a social media website（网站）． Nowadays， more and more people are talking selfies．From your best friend to your（6） 　　pop star， selfies are talking over Renren and Sina Weibo．

What（7） 　　people love selfies？ Selfies can（8） 　　to remember what's going on in their personal life． There photos record the happy and sad moments． Another usual reason for taking a selfie is to share online． We hope to make friends and（9） 　　our feelings with others． Through these（10） 　　， we can know each other's holidays and feelings． If you're too shy to ask someone to take pictures of you， it'll be easier to do it by yourself．

The city of Yangzhou came into being at the Spring and Autumn Period ( about 500 AC ).As the key transportation link at joint (连接处) place of the Great Canal（运河）( Beijing-Hangzhou) and Changjiang (Yangtze River), Yangzhou has been from the Sui Dynasty (600 AD.) an economically rich city, and then reached its top in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, Yangzhou was a famous port and one of few biggest cities in East Asia.
With the improvement of the local economy and easy transportation way, there happened in the history a special local culture, which has an important place in Chinese culture. Many famous men of letters, poets, artists, scholars (学者), statesmen, scientists and national heroes in the history were born in, lived in or had connection with Yangzhou. Li Bai, one of the greatest Chinese poets visited and stayed in Yangzhou several times in his life and one of his famous poems about Yangzhou has been so popular that Chinese of all ages can sing it and has become a symbol of Yangzhou . Zheng Banqiao, a famous Chinese painting painter in the Qing Dynasty heading a group called “Eight Eccentrics”, had strongly influenced Chinese paintings. Wang Zhong and Yuan Yuan and some other scholars formed school of Yangzhou Scholars and achieved great success in the study of classic Chinese and writing. Zhu Ziqing, one of most famous modern Chinese writers and scholars, had always been proud of himself as a native of Yangzhou and thanked the city for being nourished (养育) by its rich culture. Quite a few other names you may come across frequently (频繁地) in the study of Chinese culture and history have connection with Yangzhou. Yangzhou was so attractive and important that many Chinese emperors in history had come specially to visit or check the city. Emperor Suiyang, who ordered to cut the Great Canal so that he could come more easily and quickly, died on his last trip to the city and buried (埋葬) here. Emperor Qianlong had come all the way from the north and visited the city nine times.
Which of following sentences is NOT right according to this passage?

A．Yangzhou joined the Great Canal (Beijing-Hangzhou) and Changjiang (Yangtze River).

B．In the Tang Dynasty Yangzhou was a famous port and one of few biggest cities in Asia.

C．Emperor Suiyang was buried in Yangzhou.

D．Emperor Qianlong visited Yangzhou nine times.

We can infer（推断）the poem mentioned in this passage by Li Bai is _______.

A．《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵》	B．《望庐山瀑布》
C．《静夜思》	D．《赠汪伦》

Who influenced Chinese paintings a lot according to this passage?

A．Zheng Banqiao	B．Zhu Ziqing
C．Wang Zhong	D．Li Bai

What’s the best title of the passage?

A．Yangzhou：An Economically Rich City

B．Yangzhou：An Easy Transportation City

C．Yangzhou：A Historical Culture City

D．Yangzhou：A Famous Tour City

We have always been interested in the moon.2000 years ago people already knew it moved around the earth and where it would be in the sky at different times of the year.At that time, everything about the moon was learned by watching it carefully in the sky.
When scientists could use telescopes to study the moon more closely, their ideas began to change.They could see the moon was made of rocks.Most scientists thought moon rocks would be different from those on Earth.This was because they believed the moon had once been a planet that had been caught in the earth's gravity (引力) millions of years earlier.
In 1969 moon rocks were finally brought to the earth and studied.Much to their surprise, scientists found that, except for water, the moon and the earth were made of the same things.Once again new ideas were needed for this new information.
After years of study, most scientists now think that the moon was once part of Earth.They believe very early in its history, maybe 4 million years ago, something about the size of Mars hit Earth.This sent billions of rocks into space around our planet.These rocks slowly joined together and after many years became the moon.
In the future, even though our ideas about the moon may change again, we will still be interested in it.
Now, we’re sure ________________

A．Moon rocks are quite different from those on Earth.

B．Moon was once a part of Earth.

C．Moon moves around Earth and it’s the only satellite of Earth.

D．Moon was once a planet caught in Earth’s gravity.

In 1969 there is a big event, that is __________.

A．humans Found no water in Moon rocks

B．scientists made out a modern spaceship

C．scientists invented an advanced telescope

D．humans left their footprints on Moon

What does the writer want to tell us in the passage?

A．Why people are interested in the moon.

B．How ideas about the moon have changed over time.

C．Where the moon came from in the past.

D．That people have finally learned the truth about the moon.

Before 1969 most scientists thought the moon was ________.

A．part of the earth billions of years earlier

B．older than the earth

C．a planet caught by the earth's gravity

D．made of the same things as the earth

From this passage we can learn that ________.

A．scientists in the past were not clever

B．the earth was once part of the moon

C．new information brings new ideas

D．we now know everything about the moon

    Everyone knows that second﹣hand smoke is as dangerous as first﹣hand

smoke． But have you （ 1）h　　 of "third﹣hand" smoke？Third﹣hand smoke means the pollution left on the surfaces （表面） of things around， （2）l　　 furniture or clothes． When someone smokes in a room， poisonous particles（粒子） in tobacco （烟草） smoke land on the surfaces of the furniture or his clothes， even after the cigarette （香烟） has been put out． This can cause a great danger to your family， （3）e　　younger children．

     Babies have only just learned to walk． They are more likely to be harmed by third﹣hand smoke． This is（4）b　　 they are often close to surfaces of things． such as floors， walls and furniture where tobacco particles remain． When they （5）t　　 these surfaces， they get their hands polluted．

     So， it is necessary and important to say （6）n　　 to third﹣hand smoke． To achieve this， strict （ 7 ） r　　 for forbidding （禁止） smoking inside homes should be carried out． If one of your family members smokes， please make sure he smokes （8）o　　 the house． Get him a special jacket and hat， so once he （9）f　　 smoking， he will take them off before getting inside the house． Moreover， make sure that a smoker washes his hands and face， and changes his clothes before picking up the baby．

     Many times， you cannot see the smoke doing harm to your child， but it doesn't mean he or she is （10）s　　"． Give up smoking， or if that is not possible， make sure that your loved ones， far away from third﹣hand smoke．

How do you image the future？Will life in the future be better，worse or the same as now？（1） 　　do you like the future？

People think that life will probably be very different in 2050． First of all， larger planes（2） 　　， so flying will be very cheap． The cars will be powered by electricity， so they will be much cleaner and safer．Everyone will have such a car，even a robot．And space planes will take us around the world in two hours．Homes will be warm in winter and cool in summer，so they will be very comfortable，we will use the sun（3） 　　our homes．Computers will be smaller，so they will be very（4） 　　．People will do more things on the Internet．

At that time， water will become one of our most serious problems．In many places，farmers will be in great need of water to（5） 　　fruit and vegetables． By 2050， we will be able to help blind and deaf people see again and hear again． At that time， our life will become better and better．

（1）A． Which	B． What	C． Why	D． How
（2）A． produces	B． is produced	C． will be produced	D． was produced
（3）A． heats	B． to heat	C． heating	D． heated
（4）A． heavy	B． new	C． long	D． light
（5）A． grow	B． check	C． buy	D． sell

There are four seasons in China.March, April and May make the spring.June, July and August make the summer season.September, October and November make the autumn season.The rest（剩下）of months make the winter season.
The Australia seasons are the opposite（相反的）of ours.When it’s spring in China, it is autumn in Australia.
Australia is in the south（南方）of the earth.June, July and August are the winter months.The summer is in December, January and February.It’s very hot there, too.
Near the North Pole（北极）there are two seasons.The winter nights are long.For more than two months you can’t see the sun, even at noon.The summer days are long.For more that two months, the sun never sets（落下）, and there’s no night.
＿＿＿make the winter season in China.

A．October, November and December

B．November, December and January

C．December, January and February

D．January, February and March

When it’s summer in China, it is＿＿＿in Australia.

A．winter

B．autumn

C．spring

D．summer

Near the North Pole there are two seasons: ＿＿＿.

A．spring and summer	B．summer and winter
C．summer and autumn	D．spring and winter

Near the North Pole, there’s no night in summer for more than＿＿＿months.

A．one

B．two

C．three

D．four

＿＿＿in winter near the North Pole.

A．The days are longer than the nights

B．The days are as long as the nights

C．The days are shorter than the nights

D．The nights are shorter than the days

In school， when children are given tasks， some of them are too lazy to think． They（1） 　 　asking parents or teachers what to do instead of thinking by themselves． How then do you teach your children to think critically （批判性地）？

Firstly， allow your children to play（2） 　 　， which is important in raising children to think on their own as it forces them to （3） 　 　what to play with and how． It is during    （4） 　 　that children get curious enough to try something．

Secondly， ask them（5） 　 　questions．When your children ask you a question， don't be quick to give a（6） 　 　．Help them think about possible answers by asking them questions in turn：" Hmmm， that's an interesting question， and （7） 　 　do you think the answer should be？" And when they give their opinions， always（8） 　 　them．

Thirdly， don't be quick to get involved when your children make an improper（9） 　 　． Let them reflect for a while and try again by themselves． Don't say "you are （10） 　 　for doing that"． But when your children choose properly， be sure to praise them．

（1）A．take up	B． stay up	C． end up	D． give up
（2）A． carefully	B． freely	C． quietly	D． happily
（3）A． guess	B． promise	C． learn	D． decide
（4）A． play	B． trip	C． discussion	D． study
（5）A． open﹣hearted	B． happy﹣ending	C． surprise﹣ending	D． open﹣ended
（6）A． reward	B． reason	C． reply	D． report
（7）A． what	B． how	C． why	D． which
（8）A． correct	B． encourage	C． accept	D． compare
（9）A． mistake	B． choice	C． effort	D． excuse
（10）A． stupid	B． clever	C． exciting	D． impolite

Sometimes choosing where to eat in Suzhou is something of a challenge． No matter how（1）　　 the food tastes at a chosen restaurant， one may always wonder． "Is there anything better on the next street'？" However， I've found the （2）　　 to this question． When I'm asked to name my favourite place to eat in Suzhou， I will reply （3）　　． "Song He Lou Restaurant"． Why is Song He Lou so special （4）　　 hundreds of restaurants？ Well， for me it comes down to a perfect balance of delicious food， pleasant atmosphere（氛围）and a near perfect location．

     Before coming to Suzhou， I was （5）　　 by my friends from other cities in China that the food could be too sweet． For the first few months I chose to eat in Sichuan Or Hunan style restaurants instead of eating much （6）　　 food． However， after falling in love with the city． I came to realize that the food is so closely （7）　　 with its local culture． （8）___　　 I asked a local friend to recommend the best place to try real local style food． She came up with the （9）　　of Song He Lou．

     For a first﹣time visitor， "Song Shu Gui Yu" and "Xie Fen Tofu" are excellent （10）　　．Suzhou has stow become my home and I have a lifetime to enjoy each and every dish on the menu．

（1）A． bad	B． hot	C． good	D． cold
（2）A． attention	B． excuse	C． answer	D． distance
（3）A． right away	B． in surprise	C． at most	D． over there
（4）A． between	B． against	C． among	D． beyond
（5）A． changed	B． warned	C． encouraged	D． supported
（6）A． fresh	B． local	C． Chinese	D． frozen
（7）A． connected	B． covered	C． compared	D． charged
（8）A． Or	B． But	C． Yet	D． So
（9）A． suggestion	B． way	C． money	D． design
（10）A． conditions	B． habits	C． challenges	D． choices

No matter where the dads and their children go, that location immediately becomes a tourist destination. This has become a pattern for Hunan TV’s reality show Where Are We Going, Dad? And last week the show was heading overseas for a special international episode. The entry has taken place in New Zealand, which was expected to become a popular travel destination for Chinese fans of the show. If you don’t know much about New Zealand but would like to explore it, check out our travel guide to see what kinds of activities might interest you.
Nature and wildlife encounter
New Zealand was the last country on Earth to be settled by humans. As such, it’s a paradise for exotic birds. You’re also able to watch dolphins and whales on boat tours.
Possible itinerary (旅行指南)
1.Auckland: fly in and visit Tiritiri Matangi conservation project (bellbirds spotting); 2.Waipoua Forest: huge kauri trees; 3.Kaikoura: whale watching by boat or air seal watching, hike the Kaikoura Peninsula Walkway, join a dolphin encounter tour; 4.Wellington (Matiu/Somes Island): red-crowned parakeet, blue penguins, weta, skinks and tuatara; 5.Stewart Island: kiwi bird spotting; 6.Te Anau: takahe and kea; 7. Queenstown: fly to Auckland and finally ___43___.
Landscape lover
Landscape lovers may have heard that New Zealand is brimming with natural wonders like active volcanoes (火山), snowy mountaintops, glaciers perched near beaches and caves infested with glowworms. Indeed, you can’t see many of these wonders anywhere else in the world.
Possible itinerary
1.Auckland: fly in; 2.Whangamata: beach resorts and The Coromandel Forest Park (short walks, mountain bike trails); 3.Waitomo: underground caves and glowworm caverns; 4.Rotorua: geothermal areas; 5.Abel Tasman: golden sand beaches (taking water taxi, sea kayaking, hiking, and snorkeling); 6.Fox Glacier and Franz Josef: biggest glaciers in the country (hiking and guided glacier walks); 7.Queenstown: crystal clear Lake Wakatipu (bungee jumping, sky diving, horse trekking and cycling); 8. Milford Sound: fjord (boat cruises, sea kayaking, diving and flightseeing); 9.Christchurch: fly back.
New Zealand is ____ for Chinese fans after the show Where Are We Going, Dad?

A．more beautiful	B．more famous
C． more popular	D．cleaner

Which is the best expression to fill in the blank (空白处) in the passage?

A．have dinner	B．fly back
C．go sightseeing	D．ride horses

How is the passage organized? (Par = Paragraph)

A．Par 1→Pars 2~4→Par 5 ~9

B．Pars 1~3→Par 4 ~7 →Pars 8~9

C．Par 1→Pars 2~5→Pars 6~9

D．Pars 1~3→Pars 3~4→Par 5 ~ 9

From the passage, we know that New Zealand is a travel destination for ______.

A．landscape lovers	B．nature lovers
C．wildlife lovers	D．different kinds of travel lover

Books which give instructions on how to do things are very popular in the United States today. Thousands of these “How to” books are available; in fact, there are about four thousand books with titles that begin with the words "How to". One book may tell you how to earn more money, another may tell you how to save or spend it, and another may explain how to give your money away. Many “How to” books give advice on careers (职业). They tell you how to choose a career and how to succeed at it. If you fail, however, you can buy a book called "How to Turn Failure into Success". If you would like to become very rich, you can buy the book "How to Make a Million". If you never make any money at all, you may need a book called "How to Live on Nothing?"
One of the most popular types of books is one that helps you with personal problems. If you want to have a better love of life, you can read "How to Succeed at Love Every Minute of Your Life?". If you are tired of books on happiness, you may prefer a book called "How to Make Yourself miserable?".
Many of these books help people use their time better. Some people want books which will give them useful information about sports, hobbies, and travel.  Other people use their free time to make repairs and improvements on their homes. They prefer books which give step by step instruction on how to repair things like plumbing (卫生管道工程) and electrical wiring, or on how to redecorate (重新装饰) or enlarge a house.
Why have "How to" books become so popular? Probably because life has become so complex. Today people have far more free time to use, more choices to make, and more problems to solve. "How to" books help people deal with modem life.
“How to” books are welcomed in the United States today because___________.

A．these books are cheap

B．Americans love the writers of these books

C．the readers can get them without paying anything

D．these books can help the Americans deal with their problems in modern life

These “How to” books are written to__________.

A．tell people to love their life

B．earn money

C．give people some good advice on how to

D．say something about America

Before someone wants to find a good job, he          .

A．buy a book on "How to Make a Million?

B．read a book on how to choose a career

C．beg bosses or managers for it

D．use his free time to look for it

If people will not succeed in what he is doing, a book called___________ can give help.

A．“How to” Turn Failure into Success

B．“How to” Make a Million

C．“How to” Succeed at Love Every Minute of Your Life

D．“How to” Make Yourself Miserable

Which headline of the following is the best for this passage?

A．“ How to”Books in America.

B．“How to” Books Are Ordinary in America.

C．Thousands of “How to” Books.

D．Books with Title That Begin with the Words “How to”.

Every day in newspapers and magazines there are articles telling us we should exercise more.

    And scientists now say that（1）　 　is one of the best way to keep fit.It can make you feel better and look better.Some say it can even make you live（2）　 　.

    All you need for naming，some comfortable clothes and a pair of sports shoes.You don't need to buy special clothes（3）　 　you should get a good pair of sports shoes.And remember一you should always buy shoes for running one size larger than your（4）　 　shoes.

    Some people find running boring，so，cycling or swimming instead once in a while.Also，you shouldn't exercise every day.It's very important to（5）　 　two or three times a week.You should eat well and drink lots of water but you can still have nice things like chocolate（6）　 　.Do some leg exercises every week as well，because this makes you stronger and helps you run better.

    If you're a beginner，there are lots of ways to make exercise fun.You can join a club or you can exercise with a friend.Another idea is to run in a race.This can give you a（n）（7）　 　to train and keep you interested in running.

（1）A.running	B.swimming	C.cycling
（2）A.long	B.longer	C.longest
（3）A.and	B.or	C.but
（4）A.usual	B.clean	C.different
（5）A.play	B.rest	C.work
（6）A.never	B.often	C.sometimes
（7）A.reason	B.excuse	C.method

Red Packets in Chinese Culture

Giving Hongbao (red packets) is a tradition in China. Traditional red pockets are often decorated with gold Chinese characters（汉字）, such as ___ 1 ___and wealth.

How red packets a re used

During Chinese New Year, __ 2 ___is (are) put inside red packets which are then handed out to younger generations by their parents, grandparents, relatives, and even close neighbours and friends.

The ___ 3 ___

Red represents luck and good fortune in Chinese culture. That is __ 4 ___red packets are used during Chinese New Year and other celebrations.

How to give and receive

Giving and receiving red packets is a ___ 5 ___act. Therefore, red packets are always __ 6 ___and received with both hands.

Someone who receives a red packet at Chinese New Year or on his or her birthday should not ___ 7 ___it in front of the giver. __ 8 __, things are different at a Chinese wedding, where the guests usually give the red packets to the attendants and sign ___ 9 ___names on a large scroll ( long piece of paper). The attendants will open the packets at once, ___ 10 __the money inside, and record it on a register（登记簿） next to the guests' names.

The amount （数量）

The amount of money is relative to your relationship to the person who receives-the ___ 11 ___your relationship is, the more money is expected. Anyway, it is not the amount of the money that matters, but the care and love you hold for others .

What not to gift

Certain amounts of money are to be __ 12 ___. Anything with a four is not good because four sounds similar to __ 13 ___in Chinese. Even numbers（偶数）, except four, are better than odd-as good things are believed to come in __ 14 ___. For example, gifting ＄20 is better than ＄21.

The money inside a red packet should ___ 15 ___be new. Folding the money or giving dirty or wrinkled bills is in bad taste.

Hongbao is a symbol of love from others, as well as a sign of good luck.

A．	1. praise	B．	dream	C．	happiness	D．	advice
E．	2. paper	F．	money	G．	letters	H．	notes
I．	3. colour	J．	size	K．	shape	L．	history
M．	4. when	N．	why	O．	how	P．	where
Q．	5. strange	R．	simple	S．	smart	T．	serious
U．	6. presented	V．	filled	W．	covered	X．	gathered
Y．	7. watch	Z．	hide	[．	open	\．	accept
]．	8. Moreover	^．	However	_．	Otherwise	`．	Besides
a．	9. his	b．	their	c．	your	d．	our
e．	10. count	f．	change	g．	choose	h．	collect
i．	11. worse	j．	harder	k．	closer	l．	wider
m．	12. avoided	n．	increased	o．	afforded	p．	returned
q．	13. birth	r．	fear	s．	death	t．	envy
u．	14. groups	v．	rows	w．	teams	x．	pairs
y．	15. sometimes	z．	never	{．	seldom	|．	always

Anger（愤怒） is a kind of feeling．（66） 　 B 　When your teacher gives you too much homework，when your team loses an important game，when a friend borrows your favourite thing and then breaks it， you may get angry．

（67） 　 G 　．For example，you breathe（呼吸）faster．Your face turns red，and may want to break something or hit someone．But sometimes you may keep it inside．If you do it like this，the result is that you will face a greater danger of getting a headache or your stomach may hurt．So it's healthy for you to let your anger out sometimes．（68） 　 F 　And you will find the problems you're facing are not serious as you expect．

There are a lot you can do when you get angry．You can ask for help from others．You can talk about it with adults， such as parents，teachers and so on．Also，you can do the following things by

yourself．count from 1to 100； give someone a hug； go for a bike ride．Another good way to deal with anger is to find something humorous in the situation that has made you angry．（69） 　 D 　．

So remember that when you are angry，how you act can make everything better or worse．（70） 　 A 　Be sure that you can control it!

根据短文内容，从下列七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将具字母标号涂黑

A．	Don't let your anger control you．
B．	Many hings can make you angry．
C．	A humorous person is popular with others．
D．	Making yourself laugh is much healthier than getting angry．
E．	Maybe you get angry more often or more easily than other kids．
F．	After doing that，you will find those bad feelings start to go away．
G．	It is easy to find something wrong with your body when you become angry．

The traditional Chinese lunar calendar divides a year into 24 solar terms（节气）． The Spring Equinox which is called chunfen in Chinese usually falls（1） 　　March 20 or March 21 every year．Standing an egg upright is a（2） 　　game across the country during the Spring Equinox． People practice this tradition to celebrate the（3） 　　of spring． It is believed that if someone can make the egg stand， he will have good luck in the future． It's also a good time to fly kites． In ancient times，people did not have good medical resources （ 资源），（4） 　　they wrote their medical problems on a paper kite to ask for good health． When the kite was in the air， people would（5） 　　the line to let the paper kite fly away，which means the flying away of diseases．

（1）A． on	B． in	C． at	D． between
（2）A． strict	B． useful	C． popular	D． harmful
（3）A． coming	B． ending	C． moving	D． stopping
（4）A． or	B． so	C． though	D． because
（5）A． hold on	B． turn on	C． take off	D． cut off