初中英语说明文试题

What might the future be like? Here are some predictions: things to come, things to go.
The last few days of every year in big cities in China, when everyone returns home, have been the worst headaches for millions of Chinese. More than 2 billion people travel at the same time, making getting travel tickets and the journey difficult. But in 28 years, Spring Festival travel may not be a problem at all. China plans to build more than 120,000 kilometers of railway and a fast transportation network that will serve 90% of the population by 2020. And because most of China will be cities, people will not have to go to other places to find a job, so it will no longer be a problem.
Newspaper will come to an end in 2043. There will be less and less people reading news on paper and the cost of making and buying newspaper will be reduced. In the future, digital (数字的) newspapers will be sent to personal web tools through Internet. Readers can discuss topics with journalists and editors. Information will move faster.
Oil is running out faster than expected. But scientists have found something else for oil as fuel (燃料). Coal,natural gas, solar power, nuclear power and even water can take the place of oil as sources of energy (能源). And the alternative ways of energy will help reduce the cost and pollution, too.
Schools will go electronic (电子化). Computers will be important and popular among the students. Everything will be in the computer and students will not need to bring books to school. They will find information on the Internet. A computer will be the students’ library, schoolbag and connection to the outside world. There will be robot teachers, they will check homework on computers and communicate with the students’ parents through e-mail.Students will find their personal teachers to ask for special help for those the robot teachers cannot do.  And school buses will be like spaceships, comfortable and safe.
The newspapers will disappear __________.

A．in 28 years	B．by 2020
C．by 2053	D．in 38 years

The underlined the alternative ways in the 4^th paragraph means _________.

A．modern ideas	B．other choices
C．wise methods	D．natural means

From the passage we can know  _______  in the future.

A．the Spring Festival travel may still be a problem

B．90percent of the population will live in the city

C．robot teachers will check homework on computers

D．readers can discuss with each other through Internet

The passage mainly tells us ______________.

A．future changes in many ways	B．computers will be important
C．new things will be	D．old things will be gone

阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入相应空白处的最佳答案．

The Communist Party of China （中国共产党） has vowed（郑重宣告） to satisfy the people's desire for "a better life" and（1） 　　the idea into a key political document． The Chinese phrase "mei hao sheng huo"， which can be translated as "a happy life" or "a better life"， appeared 14times，（2） 　　both in the opening section and the last paragraph， in the report given by Xi Jinping in October， 2017at the opening of the 19th CPC National Congress． The report at the five﹣yearly congress（3） 　　the most important political speech in China． This year's report said socialism with Chinese characteristics （特色） has entered a new era， and it draws up a two﹣stage development（4） 　　to build China into a "great modern socialist country" by mid﹣21st century． By the end of the second stage， the Chinese people will "enjoy happier， safer， and（5） 　　lives．"

（1）A． wrote	B． put	C． written	D． planted
（2）A． included	B． including	C． besides	D． except
（3）A． considers	B． is regarded	C． regards	D． is considered
（4）A． plan	B． idea	C． way	D． thought
（5）A． healthy	B． unhealthier	C． healthier	D． sweet

My name is James.
In my family there’s my mother—Anna, and my father—John, and my brother—Jeff. Jeff is the joker(滑稽的人) in the family, and we like him.
My mom’s parents will visit us this Sunday. They’re very cool. Tony, that’s my grandfather, He likes music very much, and Grace, my grandmother, can dance (跳舞).
Look at the photo. These are my mom’s brother and his wife, Uncle Peter and Aunt Emma, and their son, Bill. Bill likes to play computer games, and we have a good day this Sunday.

We each have a memory. That’s why we can still remember things after a long time. Some people have very good memories and they can easily learn many things by heart, but some people can only remember things when they say or do the again and again. Many of the great men of the world have got surprising memories.
A good memory is a great help in learning languages. Everybody learns his mother language when he is a small child. He hears the sounds, remembers them and then he learns to speak. Some children are living with their parents in foreign countries. They can learn two languages as easily as one because they hear， remember and speak two languages every day. In school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because the pupils have so little time for it, and they are busy with other subjects, too.
But your memory will become better and better when you do more and more exercises.
Some people can easily learn many things by heart because __________ .

A．they always sleep well

B．they often eat good foot

C．they read a lot of books

D．they have very good memories

Everybody learns his mother language __________ .

A．at the age of six

B．when he is a small child

C．after he goes to school

D．when he can read and write

In school the pupils can’t learn a foreign language easily because __________ .

A．they have no good memories

B．they have no good teachers

C．they don’t like it

D．they are busy with other subjects

Your memory will become better and better __________ .

A．if you have a lot of good food

B．if you do more and more exercises

C．if you do morning exercises every day

D．if you get up early

A primary school in Canada has made some of its students very（1）　　by banning（禁止） homework．

Teachers will still be able to ask students to（2）　　and read at home，but they cannot give them homework like pages of math problems．The school will（3）　　the way students spend time in class to make sure they don't fall behind in their work．

Some（4）　　think it's a bad idea．They say homework is a way for them to know how their children are doing in school．And to help them if they are having problems．

The school says it will send home an exercise book（5）　　parents can see their children are doing．

Several school in Canada and United States have been discussing（6）　　homework is a good idea or not．

In 2009，a study（7）　　that student with more homework may get higher marks．But this was only true for students in the seventh grade and higher，not in primary school．

Many people believe that homework is important because it（8）　　children to manage their time better．They say it also reinforces（巩固） what the students are learning in school．

But other people think homework causes stress for students and makes them less interested （9）　__　learning．They say children's lives are too（10）　　，and they need to be able to spend more free time with their families，or just playing．

1．A．sad	B．happy	C．angry	D．afraid
2．A．play	B．sing	C．study	D．dance
3．A．change	B．stop	C．study	D．continue
4．A．students	B．parents	C．teachers	D．experts
5．A．so	B．but	C．or	D．if
6．A．why	B．whether	C．how	D．what
7．A．told	B．guessed	C．tested	D．found
8．A．tells	B．forces	C．teaches	D．advices
9．A．at	B．in	C．on	D．for
10．A．free	B．interesting	C． relaxing	D．busy．

A robot worked first at a Chinese bank． Many people are （1） 　　in the smart robot． Jiaojiao is the first robot to（2） 　　at the Bank in Dalian，Liaoning Province．It can serve people in many（3） 　　．

The smiling robot is able to（4） 　　people many different kinds of services． It can work as a guide． It can also answer people's questions． It communicates with people （5） 　 __ 　touching， speaking and through body language．

The robot is able to offer other perfect services，（6） 　　． "Can we take a photo together？" one customer asked． "Come on， （7） 　　make sure to use PS （图象处理软件） please．" Jiaojiao answered． Many people laughed when they （8） 　　Jiaojiao's answer．

The robot has attracted （吸引） a larger number of people on its first day at work．

Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ， one of the world's largest banks， introduced the new robot （9） 　　    Nao． He will be able to answer customers' questions about the bank's services． Nao's a bit smaller than a normal bank teller ﹣﹣ he is just 23 inches tall and （10） 　 __ 　about 9 pounds． He speaks 19 languages and Mitsubishi UFJ hopes he'll help a lot of foreign customers for the Tokyo Olympics in 2020．

（1）A． worried	B． interested	C． bored
（2）A． play	B． meet	C． work
（3）A． ways	B． houses	C． places
（4）A． collect	B． use	C． offer
（5）A． by	B． on	C． with
（6）A． as well	B． also	C． too
（7）A． but	B． or	C． so
（8）A． thought	B． heard	C． realized
（9）A． named	B． names	C． naming
（10）A． sees	B． weighs	C． says

People are always afraid of making mistakes. But sometimes it's not bad to make mistakes, and here is why.
At first, mistakes are a clear sign that you are trying new things. It's always good to try new things, because when you are trying new things you are growing. If you never try new things, how can you improve? How can you create? The simple answer is. "You can't." Look around you, everything you see is the result of someone trying new things.
Another good thing about mistakes is this: when you are making mistakes, you are learning. Edison failed 10,000 times before he invented the light bulb (电灯泡). When he was asked how he felt to fail so many times, he said that he hadn't failed 10,000 times, but had learned 10,000 things that didn't work.
Finally, when you make a mistake, you are that much closer to success. Why? Because you have said what you should say, and you have done what you should do. Every time you make a mistake, you are closer to success. But it doesn't mean that you can make mistakes without thinking. Instead, when you try new things you have to think them over, so that you can keep away from some unnecessary mistakes.
We shouldn't spend all our time and money on the only one way, but use them correctly. Because our time and money are limited(有限的).
There is an old saying, "If you are not making mistakes, you are not trying hard enough." So go bravely and make mistakes. And learn. And grow. And succeed.
If you are making a mistake, that means_______________.

A．you're careful	B．you're kind
C．you're growing	D．you know nothing

If you never try new things, you can't______

A．improve	B．disappear
C．spend	D．blame

After Edison failed 10,000 times, he______

A．gave up

B．invented the light bulb

C．invented the computer

D．invented 10,000 new things

When you make a mistake, you are closer to_______

A．school	B．money
C．success	D．everything

Do you think of white when someone talks about a polar bear? In fact, the polar（北极） bear does not have white fur. It just appears to be white. Polar bears have a very good sense of smell. It helps them to find food. During summer, polar bears sleep longer, because they are able to find their food more easily at night. Usually, after a meal, polar bears have a short sleep. A polar bear can have 2-3 babies at a time. They live with their mothers until they are about two-and-a-half years old.
However, polar bears will die out soon because of people. There are only 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears in the world. The ones that are left are trying to survive today. The number of polar bears is becoming smaller and smaller because of the loss of sea ice— polar bears mostly inhabit (居住于) the sea ice, not the land ice. This is happening because of global warming (全球气候变暖), pollution, hunting and so on.
Ordinary people don't care, but great people have the power and want to save tigers, fight for giant pandas and save polar bears. Ordinary people will wait, but great people will find a new world. For me, I will not waiting. I will take the bus more often from now on. Join me and save the polar bears, and, of course, the tigers, the giant pandas and...
According to the passage, which of these answers does NOT make sea ice less?

A．Global warming.	B．Pollution.
C．Hunting.	D．Travelling.

What can we learn from the passage?

A．Polar bear fur is white.

B．Perhaps the writer will drive his car less.

C．It's harder for polar bears to find food in summer.

D．Polar bears left have a good, happy life.

What does the word "ordinary" mean in Chinese?

A．勤劳的

B．聪慧的

C．普通的

D．坚强的

What is the main idea of this passage?

A．To show that the number of polar bears is getting smaller.

B．To tell people that polar bears will soon have nowhere to live.

C．To let people know why polar bears are in danger.

D．To talk about polar bears and suggest that people protect animals.

Where can this passage come from?

A．A magazine about animals.	B．A book about greetings.
C．A poster about working plans.	D．An instruction book.

The Spring Festival is one of the most important festivals in China．During the Festival，Chinese people have many activities．They paste up Spring Festival couplets（舂联），greeting the New Year and saying （31） 　 　to the old year．On the first day of the Spring Festival，people （32 ） 　 　，wearing new clothes．Nowadays，children get （33） 　 　pockets from their parents and their relatives by wechat．It is a good time for people to visit relatives and friends．More importantly，the Spring Festival is celebrated not only in China but also in（34）_ 　 　parts of the world．

The Spring Festival was （35） 　 　in the UK from 1980．Every new year，people also get together and have lots of activities．They sing songs，dance（36） 　 　music，share photos with friends or watch（37） 　 　in the cinema．Additionally，the Spring Festival has become a key time

for Chinese living in the US．They （38） 　 　in a large evening party to welcome the traditional

new year．The Chinese New Year will be welcomed with three weeks of celebrations across Australia．Thousands of people come to Sydney's Chinatown．They enjoy fireworks（鞔炮） and lion dances．The family dinner on New Year's Eve is an important tradition for Chinese （39） 　 　they were born in Singapore or moved there from China．They usually hold it at（40） 　 　because having it in a restaurant takes away the meaning of the tradition．

31．A．yes	B．goodbye	C．no
32．A．hang up	B．hang back	C．hang out
33．A．green	B．golden	C．red
34．A．other	B．others	C．another
35．A．congratulated	B．celebrated	C．happened
36．A．on	B．in	C．to
37．A．TV	B．matches	C．movies
38．A．put	B．join	C．live
39．A．if	B．weather	C．whether
40．A．home	B．outdoors	C．restaurant．

A lift is very useful. It looks like a small room. It goes up and down all day. Sometimes a worker stands in the lift. He or she operates（操作） it up and down. In modern lifts there's no worker. People walk in. They know what floor they want to go. They push a button(按钮)and the lift goes to that floor. It's very fast and easy.
Lifts are very important to us. Why? Think about a tall building. Maybe it has twenty floors. Maybe it has fifty or more. Who can walk up all the stairs(楼梯)?Maybe people can climb them once. Can someone climb thirty floors to an office every day? Can small children walk up to their rooms on the twenty-four floor? Can their mothers or fathers carry food up to all those stairs? Of course not. We can have very high buildings because we have lifts. We could not have all the beautiful tall buildings without lifts. Because it is too tired for people to climb the stairs every day.
根据短文的意思回答问题或完成句子。
What is a lift like? ____________________________
What does a worker do when he or she stand in the lift? _____________
Can small children walk up to their room on the twenty-four floor? __________
Why do we have many high buildings? ____________________________________
Can you give a title for the passage? ______________

阅读短文，回答问题。
A taxi hit a truck. A policeman spoke to the taxi driver and to the truck driver. He also spoke to Tom. He was a witness (目击者). This is what they said.
TRUCK DRIVER: I was driving from the airport to Newton. A car crossed the road, so I slowed down. I did not stop. A taxi hit the back of my truck. Nobody was seriously hurt but both cars were damaged（受损害）.
TAXI DRIVER: I was driving behind a truck a few kilometers from Newton. The truck stopped suddenly. The driver did not give me a warning (警告). I was driving very slowly. I could not pass the truck because there were two cars coming near from Newton. My taxi hit the truck, and some glass cut my left hand.
TOM: I was watching the traffic about a kilometer from the airport. A truck was going to Newton. It was not going very quickly. There was a taxi about two hundred meters behind the truck. It was going fast. When the truck slowed down, the taxi hit it. The taxi driver was not looking at the truck. He was looking out of the window at something. My friend saw the accident, too.
Tom's friend spoke to the policeman and agreed with Tom.
How many people were mentioned (提到) in the story?
_________________________________________________________
Where was the truck going ?
__________________________________________________________
From the story, Who didn’t tell the truth?
__________________________________________________________
Who was also a witness besides Tom.
__________________________________________________________
What was the taxi driver doing when the taxi hit the truck?
___________________________________________________________

Students may have problems with their minds．Some students become worried because they have to study very（41） 　　．Others have trouble getting on well with people like their parents and classmates．

A student of Grade 8 could not understand his teacher and was doing（42） 　　in his lessons．He became so worried about it that he（43） 　　to cut his finger with a knife．

Another student was afraid of（44） 　　．She got very worried（45） 　　she looked at the exam paper，and she could write noting．A report says that 18% of Shanghai students have mental（心理的）problems．Their troubles include being worried and（46） 　　，having problems in learning and getting on with people．Many students who have problems won't ask for（47） 　　．Some think they will look stupid if they go to see a doctor．Others don't want to talk（48） 　　their secrets．

A famous expert on students has the fallowing（49） 　　；

•Talk to your parents and teachers often．

•Take part in group activities and play sports．

•Go to see a doctor if you feel unhappy（50） 　　unwell．

41．A．hard	B．hardly	C．easy	D．easily
42．A．worse	B．badly	C．well	D．better
43．A．refused	B．stopped	C．forgot	D．started
44．A．friends	B．exams	C．doctors	D．books
45．A．when	B．what	C．where	D．why
46．A．happy	B．unhappy	C．lucky	D．unlucky
47．A．success	B．chance	C．help	D．dream
48．A．to	B．with	C．about	D．in
49．A．suggestion	B．facts	C．fact	D．suggestions
50．A．as	B．or	C．but	D．so．

If you are going to have a baby brother or sister， you'll want to know some baby facts．

It can be a lot of（24）　　to have a new baby in the house， but it can be tiring， too， Babies need so much（25）　　 that your mom and dad will be busy making sure the baby gets the

rest， food， clean diapers（尿布）and so on． But this does not mean they love you any（26）　　they just love the baby， too!

What can you do at home with the baby？ If you are old enough， you may be able to hold or feed the baby． Your mom and dad will（27）　　you the right way to care for your brother or sister． You can also help in many（28）　　ways， like folding clothes， answering the phone， or getting your mother a cup of tea． That is helpful， especially（29）　　she is busy and tired． And if the baby cries， you can try to cheer him or her up．When a new baby（30）　　the family， you will surely see some changes． Luckily， many of them are good ones． Before you know it， that little thing will sit up， craw （爬） ， run， and（31）　　play hide﹣and﹣seek （捉送藏） with you． In other words， this baby just might grow up to be a lifetime friend！

24． A． use	B． fun	C． work	D． trouble
25． A． food	B． love	C．care	D．water
26． A． more	B． less	C． better	D． longer
27． A． ask	B．get	C． give	D． show
28． A． good	B． clever	C． other	D． useful
29． A． when	B． before	C． after	D． until
30．A．sees	B． likes	C． joins	D． visits
31． A． even	B．ever	C． still	D． never

Suppose you find a bright yellow bike on a street corner in the city．You hop on（跨上）it and （31） 　　．But wait﹣isn't this stealing？No，it isn't．（32） 　　shouts，"Stop!Thief!"That is （33） 　　this free ride is just fine with the city．

You（ 34） 　　for （35） 　　transportation，and they wanted to help （36） 　　

pollution．So，to get citizens（市民） （37） 　　their cars and onto pollution﹣free bikes，they （38） 　　the Yellow Bike Project．

The （39） 　　bikes are painted bright yellow and placed throughout the city．People can hop on the yellow bike and ride to run errands（短程差事），to work （40） 　　to school．Then，they leave the bike for the （41） 　　rider．There have been times when bikes have been stolen，but most people （42） 　　the rules，because they think it is not wise to （43） 　　the bike that's already free．

Portland's （44） 　　was quickly loved by a lot of people．Within two years of its starts，similar programs were （45） 　　in cities in six other states．

31．A．drive away	B．ride away	C．ride back	D．run away
32．A．No one	B．Someone	C．Anyone	D．Everyone
33．A．whether	B．so	C．because	D．though
34．A．have to	B．don't have to	C．can't	D．can
35．A．expensive	B．crowded	C．free	D．common
36．A．protect	B．control	C．make	D．bring
37．A．out of	B．into	C．up	D．near
38．A．ended	B．started	C．changed	D．refused
39．A．public	B．private	C．clean	D．dirty
40．A．but	B．as	C．until	D．or
41．A．next	B．last	C．best	D．first
42．A．break	B．make	C．discuss	D．follow
43．A．buy	B．repair	C．produce	D．steal
44．A．citizen	B．street	C．idea	D．school
45．A．looked up	B．made up	C．put up	D．set up．

阅读表达 请根据短文内容，回答下面问题，每空不超过5个词。
Have you heard about “Survival (生存) Holidays”? “Survival Holidays” is for children to go into the lonely place for exciting activities. Now about 1,100 companies are allowed to take children into the great outdoors without their parents.
The reason why people like “Survival Holidays” is that they think being close to nature is good for children. Many children in big cities spend all time watching TV and playing computer games. “Survival Holidays” gives them an important change.
Is “Survival Holidays” a wonderful idea? Maybe it is. Children need more free time to play. They need to be left on their own, without adults disturbing (打扰) them. Parents care too much about their children. They like to see the children being busy with activities that are controlled by adults, but children don’t know what to do when they are in danger. Even something like crossing a small river seems to be a hard challenge. Children are not comfortable with danger. Even small danger like getting their feet wet or falling down seems very terrible to them.
Many people think the survival activities are good for children. Even years later, they will still remember what they have learned. Some have learned to stay calm in different times. Some have learned how to keep safe. Others have learned how to work in a team. All these skills will help them a lot in their lives.
Is “Survival Holidays” for children or parents?
____________________________________________________
Why do people like “Survival Holidays”?
____________________________________________________
What do the children in big cities usually do?
____________________________________________________
How do children feel when they are in danger?
____________________________________________________
What can children learn in the survival activities？
____________________________________________________