初中英语教育文化类阅读阅读理解

When I was in the middle school， I seldom raised my hands to answer questions in class． And I found lots of my classmates were just like me． When the teacher asked a question， I always lowered my head because I was afraid that the teacher saw me．

   One day， in a foreign language class， Mr． Black gave us a lesson． He wanted us to be active in class， so he asked us some questions，but no one answered．"At the beginning of the class， let me tell you a story．" He said．

   "When I came to the United States to study， the university often invited famous people to make speeches． Before the beginning of every speech， I found an interesting thing． The students around me always took a cardboard folded （折叠） in half，wrote their names in bold （粗体） with the most eye﹣catching color，and then placed the cardboard on the seat．So when the speaker needed the answers from the students，he could see and call a listener' s name directly．"

   "I couldn't understand that． My classmates told me the speakers were all top people who meant chances． When your answer was to their surprise， it meant they might give you more chances．In fact，I really saw a few students got great chances because of that．"

   After listening to the story，I understood that the chance will not find you itself． You must show yourself all the time so that you can find a chance and then catch it．

（1）When the writer's classmates were asked questions， most of them 　　．

A．	raised their hands
B．	shook their heads
C．	closed their eyes
D．	lowered their heads

（2）Why did Mr． Black tell his students a story at the beginning of his foreign language class？ 　　

A．	Because he wanted the students to do homework．
B．	Because he wanted the students to take notes carefully．
C．	Because he wanted the students to be active in class．
D．	Because he wanted the students to be quiet in class．

（3）A speaker at the university got to know the students' names from 　　．

A．	the computer
B．	the cardboards on the students' seats
C．	Mr． Black
D．	the name list on the teacher' s desk

（4）What can we learn from this passage？ 　　

A．	Being active in class is interesting．
B．	Doing as others do is necessary．
C．	Answering questions bravely is easy．
D．	Showing yourself bravely can win chances．

What kind of music do you like？How do you feel when you listen to your favorite music？Do you think music can make people feel better or help them to learn？

Jen Morgan is a music therapist （治疗师）.（1） 　 　Jen uses music to help her patients learn new skills.She can also help patients with their speaking and their memory.

Jen uses different activities with her patients.She gets them to listen to music and sing or play along.（2） 　 　Jen might get them to clap，jump or dance.Jen also asks her patients to try to remember songs they like.

Jen writes songs and uses them in her therapy work.She says，"（3） 　 　.I write songs about everything：about getting dressed，about flowers，about my favorite food﹣you name it!Sometimes my patients help me write songs."

Jen loves her job as a music therapist.She says， "（4） 　 　 .It's wonderful to see how music

therapy can help children with disabilities.Often children are shy when I first meet them.（5） 　 　

Music makes people feel good!"

A.I'm very lucky to have this job. B.She works with children with disabilities. C.Jen plays with children to sing and dance. D.I've probably written more than 200 songs. E.Her patients also enjoy moving to the music. F.But they soon start having fun and enjoying the music.

Confidence（自信）is very important in daily life．It can help you to develop a healthy attitude （态度）．A study shows that the people who are more confident are much happier．They can have more chances to make themselves successful．But how to be more confident？Here are some suggestions：

Speak loudly When you are not confident，you can't do well what you want to do．You speak in a voice so low that other people can hardly hear you．Try to speak loud enough so that people can understand you clearly．The high voice can help you become more confident．

Play sports Playing sports makes you tired but completely relaxed．When you do sports，you will be full of confidence．

Encourage yourself Write down a list of things you did during the day and see how many things you have done well．Did you finish your homework？Did you tell a joke that made everyone laugh？ Give yourself praise for the good things you've done．

Get rid of（消除）fear Fear comes along with failure（失败）．But it's easy to get over（克服）if you know that failure is part of your life．Don't hide your head just because you said something stupid last time．Try to start again and believe you can do better．

Pick up what you like to do If you like singing，sing as much as you can．In some ways，a hobby can make you excellent．And it will make you happy and confident．

（1）A study shows if you are more confident，you will be 　　．

（2）In order to make people hear you clearly，you should 　　．

（3）You'd better 　　yourself for the good things you've done．

（4）In some ways，your 　　an make you excellent，happy and confident．

（5）It's known that failure is the mother of 　　．

For as long as we can remember，one of the most popular ways parents use to punish their children has been the "time out".

It seems that it is a good idea：the child sits on his own to reflect（反思）on what he has done.Then，when the time is up，he will apologize and learn from the mistake.

However，just because it's something that's been done for years，that doesn't mean it is the right thing to do.In fact，very often，children don't sit nicely and think about what they've done.Instead，they need to be told a few （or many）times to go back to their places and stay quiet.They're not reflecting on why they are in the "time out" at all.More likely than not，they're probably just really angry，and 'so' are the parents.In the end，both the parents and the children make each other unhappy，or even angry.

What can parents do to change this situation？You may have already heard of things like peaceful parenting（育儿）and gentle parenting.These focus on the relationship between parent and child through building trust and love.So，instead of starting a "time out"，try something called "time in".A "time in" needs both parent and child to stay close until both get calm.After that，the parent，and child can discuss what happened and solve the problem together.If the child can make changes，everyone can then move on.

As we all know，punishment and violence（暴力）seldom work and will never teach the.children what the right way to act is.A "time in" can be the great time for the children to learn through mistakes，Kids learn how to build their emotional and social skills through difficult situations.So，instead of punishing them for acting their age，we can use chances to teach and guide them to a place of learning.

A "time in" may take more time，but it does work.

（1）During a "time out"，a child is told to 　 　.

A．	stay outside
B．	make a promise
C．	sit alone and reflect
D．	return to school

（2）In the writer's opinion，a "time out" 　 　.

A．	is becoming more popular
B．	doesn't always work
C．	should be parents' first choice
D．	takes too much time

（3）When a child has done something wrong，the writer suggests that 　 　.

A．	both teachers and parents discuss how to solve the problem
B．	parents try something called "time in" instead of "time out"
C．	the child say sorry to his or her parents and learn from mistakes
D．	the child stay at home and reflect until he never makes mistakes

（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the passage？ 　 　

A．	Why not "time in"？
B．	Learn from mistakes.
C．	"Time out" or "time in"？
D．	No violence at home!

Critical thinking（批判性思维） is trying to improve the way you think． People use critical thinking in every area of life to solve problems and evaluate claims（评估主张）．

Like every other skill， critical thinking takes practice． When a problem comes our way， we need to think critically to decide how to solve it． When we see an advertisement， for example， we should stop and think． Advertisements are made to make people feel certain that they are true， and then people can buy the products． But is what the advertisement says true？ Is it making a claim？ Or does it only interest us？ Critical thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices． In fact， we are using it if we ask questions naturally about what we see．

Practice makes perfect． While you are growing in critical thinking， you'll become a wiser and more thoughtful person． There are many ways of doing practice． Here are a few．

★ Read about a topic people disagree on． Look at articles or books on all sides of the subject． For each side of the subject， think carefully and evaluate it．

★ When you see or hear a claim， ask questions about it． Who is making the claim and why？

★Evaluate your own thinking． Where and why do you think uncritically？ How can you improve？

Critical thinking should be part of everything we do． It may help you to succeed at work or school ．Make yourself into a habit of critical thinking． Change your thoughts and change your world．

（1）、（2）题完成句子；（3）题简略回答问题；（4）题找出并写下第二段的主题句；（5）题将文中画线句子译成汉语．

（1）People use critical thinking to 　　and evaluate claims．

（2）Critical thinking can stop us from 　　．

（3）What kind of person will you become as you grow in critical thinking？ 　　

（4） 　　

（5） 　　

May 20，2021 Dear Principal，    I think the students in our school should wear uniforms.Many schools already have them.Uniforms will help our families save money，since we would have to buy only one or two uniforms for the whole year.Uniforms could also give us more pride in our school.And best of all，if we all wore uniforms，kids wouldn't tease each other about their clothes.    I know some students think uniforms are ugly and uncomfortable.But maybe we can pick a uniform that everyone likes.I think this is a wonderful idea for our school.                                                                                                                           Sincerely，                                                                                                                           Justin Jones

阅读以上书信，根据其内容回答其后各个小题。

（1）Who is this letter written by？ 　 　

A．	A father.
B．	A mother.
C．	A teacher.
D．	A student.

（2）Which of these is a fact about uniforms？ 　 　

A．	They are uncomfortable.
B．	Some schools already have them.
C．	They are ugly.
D．	They aren't to expensive.

（3）Justin wrote this letter to 　 　.

A．	ask for new clothes
B．	say sorry to the principle
C．	thank the principle
D．	suggest that students wear uniforms

（4）Some students don't want to wear uniforms because they think 　 　.

A．	uniforms are expensive
B．	school pride is silly
C．	the principal is mean
D．	uniforms can be ugly and uncomfortable

（5）How does Justin organize his ideas？ 　 　

A．	First express ideas，then list reasons，and show problems，at last give solutions.
B．	First show problems，then give solutions，and show problems，at last express ideas.
C．	First list reasons，then show problems，and express ideas，at last give solutions.
D．	First give solutions，then show problems，and list reasons，at last express ideas.

When it comes to the letter grade on your test or homework， you might notice that there is no letter E． Have you ever thought about why that is so？

   In the A， B， C， D and F grading system， the first four letters are typically considered passing grades． An F in this system simply stands for"fail"．The word"fail"happens to start with the letter F， which seems to leave out the letter E． The fact of the matter is that any letter can mean "not﹣passing" or "fail"．Some schools have U grade for"unsatisfactory"，or I grade for "incomplete"．

   Even with all this said， we should also point out that E grade actually has been used pretty commonly throughout the history of letter grades in the US．

   The first college in the US to use a letter grading system like the ones we use today is Mount Holyoke College． In 1897，they began to use the following grading scale：

A： 95﹣100%（excellent）

B： 85﹣94%（good）

C： 76﹣84%（fair）

D： 75%（barely passed）

E： below 75%（failed）

   We can see the inclusion of E instead of F．

   Gradually，the letter grading system became more popular throughout the US． However， many schools decided to drop the E grade and go straight to F．There is no evidence（证据） to really support this，but one possible explanation is that teachers were worried that some students and parents might mistake E for "excellent"．

   Why do we have letter grades？ Well，part of the reason is that they made grading simpler during a time of great change for schools． As the 20th century began，growing cities and an increase in immigration led to larger school classrooms． Most teachers at that time thought this new letter grading system was an easy，fair and clear way to grade students．

   Today，more and more people argue that letter grades don't fully reflect（反映） student learning．However，as teachers try to improve grading methods，many parents continue to favor the letter grades they got as kids．They are familiar（熟悉） and easy for parents to understand． So while they might not be perfect， the letter grades probably aren't going away any time soon．

（1）what does an F stand for in the A、B、C、D and F grading system？ 　　

（2）when was the letter grading system first used in the US college？ 　　

（3）what is one possible explanation for dropping the E grade？ 　　

（4）what did most teachers think of the letter grading system in the 20th century？ 　

（5）why do many parents still prefer the letter grades today？ 　　

Tips for being a super-organized student Posted 2 hours ago by Amy I have always admired students who hand in their homework on time and never forget to do it. Me, on the other hand…OK, I admit. I'm terrible at getting myself organized! So I was wondering, what are your tips for getting organized? Post your tips below. Thanks! Comments
	Gloria: 25 May, 2021-09:36 Recently I've started keeping a small study diary. I write down everything I need to do and when it needs to be done by. Then I write a reminder a few days before the date just in case. It's helping. Amy: Thanks, Gloria! I agree.
	Nick: 25 May, 2021-08:33 The most important thing is to start studying a few weeks before the exams and not leave it until the night before! That's just common sense, I think. Amy: Nice tip. Thanks, Nick.
	Leo: 25 May, 2021-08:06 Hi! Amy. My tip is to have a big noticeboard in your bedroom, divided into different sections. I've got one. It's a whiteboard. I've got a section for each school subject and another one for other stuff. I use board pens to write reminders and I make sure I look at it every day. The best part is when I remove something from the board! Amy: Great tip. I've got a board. I'll try to use it in the same way. Thanks, Leo.

（1）. Amy started the post to get ________.

A．	comments on her homework	B．	tips on how to be well organized
C．	suggestions on not forgetting things	D．	advice on how to do her homework

（2）. Which of the following is TRUE?

A．	Gloria was the first to give comments.
B．	Amy didn't agree with what Leo said.
C．	Gloria wrote down things she needed to do in a study diary.
D．	Nick thought it the most important to study hard the night before the exam.

（3）. What did Leo mean by saying " The best part is when I remove something from the board!"?

A．	The things he removes are the best part
B．	He is good at cleaning the noticeboard.
C．	He feels excited when finishing the most difficult task.
D．	He enjoys the moment when the tasks are completed.

In the past， I thought I was terrible at many things， such as math， French and science． Although I was good at drawing， I wasn't the best in my art class．I wanted to find out who I was，what I liked and how I could do it better．So， that winter，I took a notebook and kept my diary． When I filled that notebook，I started another one， and then another．

   Keeping a diary helps a lot． Studies have shown that people who keep a diary sleep and feel better． It helps people remember what once happened such as dreams， friendships and happiness． Writing about bad feelings can also help brains get over themand move on． Personally， I learn better about myself and my relationships with others by keeping a diary．For example，when I am fighting with my dad， I'll try writing from his point and it works! If I want to compare myself with my classmates．I'll write something like，"I might not have clear skin， but I like my eyes．"

   Right about now， you might be thinking： it sounds great， but I'm not a good writer； or I'd love to keep a diary， but my handwriting is terrible． Don't worry! Keeping a diary is not like doing your homework ﹣there are no rules， so do whatever feels best．

（1）What was the writer good at in the past？ 　　

A． Math．

B． French．

C． Science．

D． Drawing．

（2）What does the underlined word "them" refer to（指的是）？ 　　

A． Studies．

B． Bad feelings．

C． Friendships．

D． Brains．

（3）What is the second paragraph（段落） mainly about？ 　　

A． Reasons for fighting with Dad．

B． Rules of comparing with others．

C． Ways of having clear skin．

D． Advantages of keeping a diary．

Can a green machine help the world's poorest kids learn better？Nicholas Negroponte thinks so.He and his team of scientists have invented a new type of computer.As a result，many children who live in poverty （贫穷） will have their own laptop computers!

   Negroponte works at a university.He started a group called One Laptop Per Child （OLPC）.The people at OLPC don't work for money.They work to help children learn.OLPC makes computers that don't cost a lot.Then they sell the machines to governments of countries that have many people live in poverty.The governments then give the computes to kids for free.

   The XO Laptop computers are made for school﹣aged children in developing nations.Many of these children live in faraway areas and go to schools with classrooms.In order to work，the laptops have to be lasting and student﹣friendly.

   The machines have many fun characters like a built﹣in video camera，voice recording，and games.The WiFi lets students share information on the Web and read e﹣books.They also can make music and chat with friends.

   Another great character is that it can last for a long time.It can be hand chargedand also can be recharged by connecting to a solar panel.Because of these characters the XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment.

   The computers have a colorful name﹣"the green machine".Negroponte thinks they could make a difference in the lives of millions of kids.He says， "Every problem you can think of﹣poverty，peace，the environment﹣is solved with education."

   OLPC plans to give out over ten million computers in the next few years.Kids in Thailand，Nigeria，Brazil，and Argentina will get most of them.China and Egypt also want to take part in the program.After that，Negroponte hopes to sell computers to other countries with high poverty.

（1）Negroponte thinks his laptop computers will help the world's poorest kids to 　     .

A.work at home

B.go to school on time

C.learn better

（2）What can we know about the people at OLPC according to Paragraph 2？ 　 　

A.They work for money.

B.They give computers to kids for free.

C.They sell computers to governments with many people living in poverty.

（3）Why do XO laptops make learning fun while helping the environment？ 　 　

A.Because they are lasting and student﹣friendly.

B.Because they are made for school﹣aged children.

C.Because they have a colorful name.

（4）What does the underlined word " charged" mean in Chinese？ 　 　

A.携带.

B.充电.

C.使用.

（5）Who will get most of the computers in the next few years？ 　    　

A.Kids in Thailand.

B.Kids in China.

C.Kids in Egypt.

It's been 100 years since the actor and filmmaker Charlie Chaplin produced the film The Kid ，which many consider to be his greatest one.

Like all films at the time，The Kid was made in black and white and was silent （made without any sound，not even the characters talking）.The story is about the relationship between " the Tramp"，played by Chaplin，and his adopted （领养的）child，played by Jackie Coogan.The pair develop a partnership where the six year﹣old boy breaks windows and runs away，so that Chaplin's character can offer his services as a window fixer.

Although the film is a comedy，it also has some tragedy，reflecting Chaplin's own life.He started testing actors for the role of the Kid just a few days after his baby son had died.Chaplin was known for being hard to please，and it is said that if he could，he would have played every role in every one of his films.When Chaplin visited a theatre，a dancer brought his son，Jackie Coogan，on stage，and Chaplin knew he had his co﹣star （联袂主演者）.Chaplin later wrote， "All children in some form have talents；the trick is to bring it out in them.With Jackie it was easy.

Like the Kid in the film，Chaplin and his brother Sydney grew up very poor.They lived in London and were raised by their mother.When Chaplin was 10 years old，his mum became too ill to loo after her sons，so they had to take care of themselves.He later wrote that the film sets in The Kid were based （基于）on the places where he and Sydney had lived with their mother as children. "Perhaps that's why the film had some truth，" he said.

（1）The second paragraph mainly talks about 　 　.

A．	why The Kid was made
B．	when The Kid was on
C．	how The Kid got successful
D．	what The Kid is about

（2）We can infer from Paragraph 3 that Jackie Coogan 　 　.

A．	always visited the theatre alone
B．	was possibly talented in acting
C．	knew much about Chaplin before
D．	played every role in Chaplin's films

（3）Which of the following is TRUE about Chaplin？ 　 　

A．	He had a poor childhood experience.
B．	He was brought up by his father.
C．	He looked after his mother very well.
D．	He produced films with his brother.

（4）What's the best title for the passage？ 　    　

A．	A film about a dancer.
B．	A family in London.
C．	A place for film making.
D．	A life on film.

You may study differently from your friends，but your study habits are not wrong!

    Kelly and Maria are best friends with a lot in common.They love doing things together，such as going to movies and concerts，shopping，or just sitting at a small cafe.Since they take a lot of the same school subjects，they would love to study together，but they find this impossible.Their working styles are so completely different that they can't be in the same room while they are studying!

    Kelly would like to study in a clean，open space，while Maria works best with books，papers and other things around her.Kelly prefers to study in a totally silent room，but Maria loves to play music or even have the TV on.Kelly can sit for hours without moving，and often gets all her homework done in one sitting.Maria，however，is always getting up，and says that she thinks best when she's on the move.

    You might be asking yourself：which way of studying gets better results？Many people believe that a silent，tidy setting（环境）is the way to go，▲.Some research has even shown that outside noise and untidiness help some people focus（聚焦）their attention，because it makes them form a "wall" in their mind around what they are doing and improves their focus.

    So，if you're a student who chooses to study while sitting at a table in a busy shopping center，don't worry about it.If you work in total silence，that's OK，too.Judging from Kelly 's and Maria's study habits，the best way to study is the way that works for you.In their very different ways，both of them do well in school，and both finish their work within the required time as well.

（1）Kelly and Maria are mentioned as an example in this passage to 　 　.

A.discuss two different study habits

B.compare the differences in their hobbies

C.show the importance of a good study habit

D.express the writer's worry about their friendship

（2）Which of the following is the best to fill in the blank in Paragraph 4？ 　 　

A.and they have difficulty in study

B.and it can be true for most of them

C.but that doesn't seem necessarily true

D.but nobody does research on this question

（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph of this passage？ 　 　

A.Students who like to study in silence will be more successful.

B.Both study habits can help students make progress in their studies.

C.Only a small number of students can study well in a noisy situation.

D.Friends with different study habits can do better by studying together.

（4）What can be the best title for the passage？ 　 　

A.Are you studying the "right" way？

B.How can you improve your study habits？

C.Is it possible for friends to study well together？

D.What are the advantages of different study settings？

You've been learning words since you were a tiny baby.At first，you learned them only by hearing other people talk.Now that you're a reader，you have another way to learn words.What should you do when you come to a word and you think you don't know what it means？（1） 　 　.

Say it

First sound it out.Then say it to yourself.（2） 　 　.Sometimes you know a word in your head but you don't know what it looks like in print.So if you match up what you know and what you read ﹣ you have the word!

Use context

If this doesn't work，take the next step：look at the context the other words and sentences around it.Read this sentence：When it rained，the dog looked for shelter in the doorway.（3） 　 　.Rain and in the doorway might give you helpful information.

（4） 　 　

If the context doesn't help，look at the parts of the word.Does it have any parts you know？These can help you understand what it means.If you don't know the meaning of miner，try looking at parts of the word.You might know that a mine is a place underground where people get coal and other valuable things.A lot of times， ﹣er at the end of a word means "a person who does something".So a miner might be someone who works in a mine.

Look it up

If the three steps above don't work，you can look it up.（5） 　 　，either a book or online.

Nobody knows the meaning of every word，but good readers know how to understand words they don't know.

Choose five sentences out of the six in the box to complete the passage.Each choice should be used only once.

A.Use word parts

B.Look at the words

C.It might sound like a word you know

D.You can find the word in a dictionary

E.Following some easy steps can help you

F.If the word shelter doesn't look familiar，look at the words around it

From an early age，we were taught that if we wanted to be successful，we had to study hard and get good results at school.In fact，good students may just end up doing jobs they don't like，and some even lead an unhappy life.Why is it like that？

    In some parents' eyes，school grades matter most for their kids.In reality，there are many things to consider besides the school subjects，for example，how to be a happy person，what to do to keep healthy，and how to get along well with others.That is to say，school is not just enough if you want to have a great life.

    Doing well in school is different from doing well in life.Studies show that people who failed at school may not end up failing in life.You may have already known that some famous people，like Thomas Edison and Steve Jobs，didn't do very well at school or even failed to finish school.In fact，there are a lot more than just the big shots who are successful in life without finishing school.They seize （抓住）every chance to learn and finally make it to the top.

    Life is really a long lesson，so long that you can't define（界定）a person's success by just one section （部分）of it.If you have already finished school，keep learning because what you have learned at school will never be enough to live a satisfying life.If you are still studying，whether you are good or bad at school，don't take your school results too seriously as long as you have put your heart into it.Keep learning to make the most of your talents（天赋）.That's how you can live a happy and successful life.

（1）What's the writer's main purpose of writing Paragraph（段落）One？ 　   　

A.To introduce a topic.

B.To give examples.

C.To provide a solution.

（2）In some parents' eyes，what's the most important for their kids based on Paragraph Two？

    　 　

A.Being happy.

B.Staying healthy.

C.Getting good grades.

（3）What does the underlined expression "big shots" in the third paragraph mean？ 　   　

A.好学生.

B.神枪手.

C.大人物.

（4）According to the passage，which sentence may agree with the writer's idea？ 　   　

A.It takes money to be successful.

B.School grades aren't everything.

C.Successful people never finish school.

（5）What can we infer （推断） from the text？ 　   　

A.Old habits die hard.

B.Leaning is a lifelong journey.

C.Good grades always promise a successful life.

Students these days often have a lot of worries． Sometimes they have problems with their schoolwork， and sometimes with their friends． What can they do about this？ Some people believe the worst thing is to do nothing． Laura Mills， a teenager from London， agrees．"Problems and worries are normal in life，" says Laura． But I think talking to someone helps a lot． Unless we talk to someone， we'll certainly feel worse．"

    Laura once lost her wallet， and worried for days．She was afraid to tell her parents about it．She even walked three miles to school each day because she didn't have any money．She just kept thinking，"If I tell my parents， they'll be angry!" In the end，she talked to her parents and they were really understanding．Her dad said he sometimes made careless mistakes himself． They got her a new wallet and asked her to be more careful．"I will always remember to share my problems in the future!" Laura says．

    Robert Hunt advises students about common problems． He feels the same． way as Laura．"It is best not to run away from our problems． We should always try to solve them．"He thinks the first step is to find someone you trust to talk to．This person doesn't need to be an expert like himself．" Students often forget that their parents have more experience， and are always there to help them．

    In English， we say that sharing a problem is like cutting it in half． So you're halfway to solving a problem just by talking， to someone about it．

（1）What do teenagers worry about these days？　　

（2）What's Laura Mill's opinion about how to deal with problems？　　

（3）What happened to Laura and what did she learn from it？　　

（4）What advice does Robert Hunt give to teenagers？　　

（5）What's the conclusion（ 结论）？