We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give a successful speech.
So, you have to give a speech and you’re frightened. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble(结巴)over words, you talk too long and your listeners feel tired of your speech. Later you think, “Thank goodness, it’s over. I’m just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”
Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. You can do the following things to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion(场合)? Why are you speaking? Then, collect as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time putting your material in good order so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible and use pictures, charts and graphs if they help you make your points clearer. Never forget your listeners. Don’t talk over their heads and don’t talk down to them. Respect your listeners. They will enjoy your thoughtfulness.
Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your listeners and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your listeners.
If you follow the simple things, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not confident yet. Give it a try and see what happens.
| Suggestions on making a speech |
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| Problems |
You feel nervous and don’t remember the content you will say. You talk too much, making the listeners |
| Knowing why you have to give the speech. Spending much time researching and having your material Neither using too difficult words nor looking down upon your listeners but remembering to |
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| Conclusion |
Be well prepared. Don’t mention something It is your personality that will help you communicate with your listeners well. |
任务型阅读 先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容在空格内填入一个适当的词，使短文意思完整。(本大题共5分，每格1分)
I once believed that a friend is a friend all the way. Now I have changed my ideas about friendships.
1. Friends of convenience（便利）. They can be the people who live next door or the mothers of our children’s closest friends. Friends of convenience are good indeed. They’ll help us when we need them. They’ll look after our cats when we go on holidays. But we don’t ever get too close or tell too much. Between us, we’ll talk about being overweight but not about being sad or heart-broken. However, people still find it necessary to make friends like this.
2. Special-interest friends. These friendships aren’t deeply personal or emotional（感情上的）. They lie in some shared interests, so we may have an office friend, a tennis friend, or even a shopping friend.
3. Historical friends. We all have a friend who knew us when … maybe we were back in the second grade of the primary school, when our family lived in that two-room flat downtown. He or she was the first, the only friend we told our secrets to.
The years have gone by, and we have gone different ways. But we’re still a personal part of each other’s past. We know how we looked before our teeth were straightened, and our getting together makes us think of an earlier part of ourselves, which is important and never lost.
4. Cross-generational friends. These are friendships that from across generations（代）. I have in my own life a true friend, a woman of 65, who is clever, who listens well, and who means not only an ideal mother to me but also the person I’d like to be when I grow up.
Best friends, I believe, totally love and help each other.
| Types of friends |
Description of friends |
| Friends of convenience |
They can be the |
| Specialinterest friends |
We usually |
| This kind of friendship was usually formed when we were children，so we know how we |
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| I |
Cross-generational friends usually aren’t from the |
The famous scientist and thinker， Charles Darwin， was born on February 12， 1809. His family lived not far from the River Severn， England.
Charles’ father was a well-known doctor and the son of a still greater doctor and scientist. Charles’ father hoped that his son would also become a doctor.
As a boy Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He watched nature and compared what he saw with everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting very much. He collected many things： eggs， stones， and leaves. His father did not like this， as Charles was not studying very well at school.
At the age of sixteen， Darwin was sent to Cambridge University in order to become a doctor. But he was interested in the history of nature.
Then he studied at Cambridge University until 1831.
Some time later， he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and wanted a scientist. His professor advised him to go. He said the trip would be just for Darwin. So when the ship left England in December 1831， Darwin was on it. The research lasted almost five years. The Beagle studied the waters in the sea near South America. It also visited New Zealand， Australia and islands in the Pacific. Darwin saw many new plants and animals. He collected all kinds of plants， which he sent home from the places he visited.
When he returned home， Darwin was warmly greeted by his families and many friends.
In 1842， Darwin went to live in Kent(肯特)， where he continued his studies of the changes in nature. Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same， and that they really change.
By 1859， Darwin had finished his famous book The Origin of Species（《物种起源》）. It made a great hit in the world of science. He was opposed(反对) by the church and even by some scientists. But later， more and more scientists agreed with him.
Darwin continued his studies in science until he died in 1882.
根据短文内容完成句子填空（每空限填一个单词）。
From the first paragraph of the passage， we know not only Darwin but also his ________ was a famous and great _________.根据短文内容完成句子填空（每空限填一个单词）。
According to the passage， Darwin ___________ studying the changes in nature and had great ___________ of plants and animals.把短文中画底线的句子译成汉语：
____________________________________________________________________________根据短文内容回答问题。
According to the passage， what’s the influence of Darwin’s famous book The Origin of Species? ____________________________________________________________________________根据短文内容用一个完整的英文句子(限12个词以内)回答问题。
What is the main idea of the passage?
____________________________________________________________________________
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Everyone can change the world
What can we do to help protect the environment? It seems useless to just pick up a piece of trash (垃圾), but what will happen if you keep doing it every day? Tommy Kleyn, an ordinary man from the Netherlands, may give you the answer.
Tommy Kleyn walked past a polluted river on his way to work every day. It used to be a beautiful view, but the trash on the bank made it dirty and smelly. SoTommy decided to pick up the trash along the river a little bit at a time after work. “It took me about 30 minutes to fill one garbage(垃圾)bag with trash, but one garbage bag didn't seem helpful in a place as polluted as this. I decided to fill one bag of trash each day as I passed by,"Tommy said. Every day,Tommy took pictures of the river and shared them on his Facebook page. To his surprise, in just six days, he had made great progress with his cleanup effort(努力). He felt happy and kept doing it. Gradually, more and more people knew aboutTommy's story. Other people in the community began following in his footsteps and cleaning up trash on their way home, too.
“The idea is to encourage people to fill one garbage bag with litter each day. It only takes 30 minutes, but it really makes a difference and you will be amazed at how good you feel afterwards," he said.
People from all over the world have been moved and inspired(激发) by Tommy's story. No effort is useless if we keep doing it every day. Ordinary people like you and me can also make a difference to the world we live in if we take actions right now.Did Tommy Kleyn walk past a polluted river on his way to work every day?
What did Tommy decide to do after work?
Where didTommy share the pictures of the river that he took?
Whobegan following in Tommy’s footsteps and cleaning up trash?
What can you learn from the story?
Have you ever ridden a Ferris wheel lately? Can you imagine the flying feeling as you are pulled up to the top and then moved down to the bottom quickly again?
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Today a Ferris wheel is usually 40 to 60 feet tall. That seems very high when you are on the top looking down. But the first Ferris wheel was 264 feet high – taller than a twenty-story building! Can you imagine the view from the top of that?
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The first Ferris wheel was built for the 1893 World’s Fair in Chicago. The people who planned the fair were looking for an attraction that would bring people to Chicago. George Ferris handed a drawing of a giant wheel that people could ride on. At first everyone laughed at his strange idea. But Mr. Ferris did not give up， and finally the idea was accepted. The ride opened in June of 1893.
Today’s Ferris wheels have 12 to 16 seats， which each carry 2 or 3 people. But that first one had 36 enclosed cars， each holding 60 passengers. When filled， it carried 2，160 people. During that summer in Chicago， about 1.5 million people rode the Ferris wheel.信息归纳（每小题1分，共5分）
阅读下面这封信，然后按照信息卡中项目要求填入相关信息。
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am a middle school student. I am writing to you because I have trouble with my studies now. I hope you can give me some advice.
I work hard both at school and at home. In class, I listen to my teachers very carefully. I take notes of every word of the teachers. After school I read my notes but sometimes I find that I don’t really understand them. While I am having another class, I am still thinking about those problems. This kind of thing happens over and over again. I want to ask the teachers for help. They are kind and I know they will try their best to help me. But they are always busy. I ask my classmates for help. But they can’t explain things as clearly as the teachers. The night before the test, I still find that I can’t understand many things. So I always get bad grades.
What should I do? How can I improve my studies? I hope I can hear from you soon.
Yours sincerely,
Harry
Information Card
| What does Harry hope to get ? |
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| How does Harry take notes? |
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| When is Harry still thinking about those problems? |
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| The reason why Harry doesn’t ask the teachers for help |
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| The result Harry always gets |
阅读短文，阅读短文后在图表中空格里填入恰当的单词。（每空填一个单词）
Alice is my pen friend. She is a 16-year-old girl from the UK, but now she lives in China. She is a middle school student in Nanjing. She likes going to school, but there are some things she doesn’t like, such as PE. She enjoys playing sports. She thinks sports are interesting and exciting. But she doesn’t like doing physical exercises in PE classes. She feels that they are boring! Her favourite subject is Science. It seems that the amazing and useful Science attracts(吸引) her. She thinks she is on the way to be a scientist. She wishes to invent things to make the world more and more beautiful.
In her free time, she often goes to the beach. She loves just sitting around and talking to friends there. She’s getting better at understanding boys, but she hates listening to hours of talk about football. “It’s not interesting at all!” she once said to me.
That is my penfriend Alice.
Information about Alice
| Basic information |
Name: Alice Age: sixteen Birth place: in the UK Living now: in China |
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| |
What |
Why /For what |
| Likes |
Playing sports. |
Interesting and |
| Going to the |
Sitting around and |
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| Favourite subject: Science |
||
| Dislikes |
Having |
Physical exercises are |
| Not interesting at all. |
||
| Wishes |
To be a scientist. |
Be |
| To invent things. |
Make the world |
配对阅读
左栏是5个人的情况叙述，请将右栏中的信息与左栏的叙述进行配对。
You are free to choose books, magazines here. |
Children all over the world like to celebrate their birthdays. American children are of no difference. They usually celebrate with a party. They invite friends to their birthday parties. The party may not be held on the right date of their birthday if it comes on a school day. It may be held on the weekend instead.
Today two kinds of parties are the most popular. One is held at home. Parents decorate the house with beautiful balloons and colored paper. They prepare a special birthday meal. The children play games. The other kind is held away from home. Some are at a special restaurant. The children eat pizza and ice cream. The waiters, who serve the food, also sing and tell jokes to the children. Other parties may be held at a park, or at a movie theater, or in some other places.
Every birthday party has a cake with candles. There is one candle for each year of a birthday boy’s or girl’s age. When the candles are lighted, everyone sings the special birthday song： Happy Birthday to You.
As Americans grow older, their birthday parties change. In fact, many people stop having them. They say they would like to forget how old they are. Yet they do like to keep the happy birthday parties of their childhood in mind.
Fill in the blanks according to the passage. Only one word for each blank. （每空一词）
Children in the world like having a birthday party at the time of their birthdays. American children are the ______________ as others. At that time, their friends are _______
_________ to the parties and the birthday parties are usually held _____
_______ at home or away from home, ________
_______ as at a special restaurant, at a park, or at a movie theater, or in some other places. There are candles for every party. ______
_________ of them stands for one year of the children’s age. But with the children growing, many people want to forget the birthdays.
任务型阅读: 先通读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容和表格，在空格内填入一个适当 的单词，使意思完整.（共5分）
Trees are one of the oldest citizens (公民) of our earth. Just like us, trees change a lot as when they grow. At 1to 3 years old, young trees learn how to protect themselves. For example, many trees grow thorns(刺) to tell animals not to go near. Most young trees have large, deep green leaves so that they can catch enough sunlight and change it into their food and energy.
When trees are 4 years old, they begin to grow very fast and become strong enough to face challenges in life. At the age of 15, trees become young adults. They grow more slowly and begin to produce flowers and fruit. It is not until the trees are 20 to 25 years old that they become real adults. The trees reach their largest sizes. Adult trees give us many things such as oxygen(氧气) and natural beauty. If we give them good care, they will go on to live healthily for many years. In many ways, the life of trees is like our own life experience. So, enjoy every minute of the life of the trees because they are very helpful to the environment.
| Title: The |
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| Growing |
Things they can do |
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| 1 to 3 years old |
Growing thorns to tell animals to |
Learn to protect themselves； Catch sunlight and change it into food and energy. |
| 4 years old |
Becoming strong enough |
Face challenges |
| 15 years old |
Becoming young adults |
Produce flowers and fruit |
| 20 to 25 years old |
Becoming real adults； Reaching their largest sizes |
Give people many things They can be of great |
阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Chinese Culture
While China is almost the same size as the US in area, it is home to about 1.3 billion people. It has a special culture with a very long history.
Chinese Food
Food plays an important role for Chinese families. Different foods have special meanings. The most obvious(明显的) difference is that Chinese people eat their meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice. Tea is a favorite drink and it is popular in the market.
Chinese New Year
The Chinese calendar(日历) is called a lunar(阴历的) calendar. It is not the same as the one used in the US. New Year’s Day is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. It has a big celebration of letting go of the old and bringing in the new. It has special foods and traditions. For example, sweeping the floor before New Year’s Day sweeps away all the old year’s bad luck.
Chinese Zodiac(生肖)
The Chinese zodiac, known as Sheng Xiao, follows a twelve-year cycle(循环). Each year is named for an animal. These animal signs are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. For example, the year that begins in 2016 is the Year of the Monkey.
Chinese Language
Chinese is a complex(复杂的) language. Chinese writing developed almost 4,000 years ago and may even be older. Chinese writing has thousands of characters. A character represents(代表) a word and also a meaning. Unlike English, there are no spaces in Chinese writing. Besides Standard Chinese, or Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects(方言).Is tea a favorite drink in China?
What is the Chinese calendar called?
How many years of cycle does the Chinese zodiac follow?
What does a Chinese character represent?
What does the passage mainly tell us about Chinese culture?
任务型阅读 阅读短文，根据文中信息完成文后表格。每空一词。
Alice is my pen friend. She is a 16-year-old girl from the UK, but now she lives in China. She is a middle school student in Nanjing. She likes going to school, but there are some things she doesn’t like, such as PE. She enjoys playing sports. She thinks sports are interesting and exciting. But she doesn’t like doing physical exercises in PE classes. She feels that they are boring! She likes Science best. It seems that the amazing and useful Science attracts her. She thinks she is on the way to be a scientist. She wishes to invent things to make the world more and more beautiful.
In her free time, she often goes to the beach. She loves just sitting around and talking to friends there. She’s getting better at understanding boys, but she hates listening to hours of talk about football. “It’s not interesting at all!” she once said to me.
That is my pen friend Alice.
| My |
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| Basic information |
Name： Alice Age： 16 She was born in the UK, but she |
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| |
what |
Why/ For what |
| Likes |
Playing sports |
Interesting and exciting |
| Going to the |
Sitting around and |
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| Favourite subject： |
||
| Dislikes |
Having PE classes |
Physical exercises are boring |
| wishes |
To be a |
Be attracted by Science |
| To invent things |
Make the world more |
任务型阅读。
The 2015 Nobel Prizes have been announced. Sweden's Nobel Prize committee said the Nobel Prize for medicine will go to scientists from Ireland, Japan and China. William Campbell from Ireland and Satoshi Omura from Japan share the prize for their discovery of the drug avcrmectin（除虫菌素）.The prize for medicine is also going to Tu Youyou. She discovered artemisinin（青蒿素）. Artemisinin is a drug that has greatly lowered the number of people who die from malaria(疟疾). The committee said her greatest achievement is that discovery of artemisinin has given the world new ways to fight against two serious diseases. That's why Ms. Tu got the prize. It is said those diseases influence millions of people every year.
Ms. Tu is the chief professor at the China Academy of Traditional Medicine. She is also the first Chinese citizen to be awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine. It took her great and painful effort to make the great discovery. She always tested the medicine by herself and her liver(肝) got badly hurt. From 1972 to 2012, Ms. Tu went through about 40 failures before she succeeded. But she never gave up and always fought on.
A member of the Nobel committee said that the award for Tu Youyou is the result of a great change in the way that Chinese do scientific research. He says China has spent a lot of money on this kind of research. This member also said that the work of the three scientists could help end the health risk of diseases affecting 3.4 billion people.
Is Ms. Tu the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel prize for medicine?
How long did it take her to make the discovery?
What is her greatest achievement?
任务型阅读（本题有1小题，共计5分）
请阅读上栏有关人员的信息，然后从下栏中找出与之相匹配的选项。Mrs Smith doesn’t like to exercise outside, but she likes playing sports indoors.
(在室内)Paul likes doing sports. He usually plays soccer in the park with his friends. His
favorite sport is soccer.Zhao Xiaolin wants to buy a camera. Then she can take photos and show them
to her classmates.Jim is very interested in pandas but he knows little about them. He wants to
borrow some books on pandas.Sally, an 18-year-old girl, wants to be thin. She likes to exercise outside.
| A.City Soccer Match The soccer match in our city is coming. Hope all the soccer fans can take part in it. B.City Library There are over 100,000 books of different kinds in this library. Two big reading rooms can hold 2,000 readers. It’s open from 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on weekends. C.Health Club Do you want to look after your health? If you join our club, you can swim, play basketball, volleyball and ping-pong in the gym(体育馆). D.Running If you keep running 30 minutes every morning, you can be thin and healthy. And it can also make you clever. E.English Speech We have an English speech about pandas in Water Park this Sunday. Hope every English lover can come! F.Cannon Digital (数码) Camera A Cannon digital camera with 8 million pixels (像素) is on sale for 2,500 yuan in Wonderful Supermarket. |
Playing is serious business for children. In fact, it’s what they do best! Ask them why they do it, and kids will probably say, “Because it’s fun!” But it’s much more than that. It’s also good for them.
Studies show that from birth babies begin learning through play. They use their five senses to get to know their new world. Touching allows them to discover how different things feel. Brightly coloured toys and clothing help develop a baby’s sense of sight (视觉). When small children choose which toy to play with, they begin developing their abilities in making decisions.
Children love toys that allow them to use their imagination (想象力). Sometimes an empty box is more fun than a high-tech (高科技) toy. That’s because a box can become anything to a child.
Crayons, paints and Play-Doh (彩色塑泥) are also good because they allow children to create. Traditional building blocks teach important pre-math skills.
Playing doesn’t become any less important once children start school. Many valuable lessons about life are learned on the school playground. Kids learn how to share, take turns and play by the rules.
| Children’s |
The |
| Playing with brightly coloured toys |
It is good for |
| Children can learn how to make |
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| Playing with an |
Children can use their |
| Playing with crayons, paints and Play-Doh |
Children can be |
| Playing on the playground |
Children can learn many |
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