初中英语阅读表达试题

A new study suggests that the more teenagers watch television, the more likely they are to develop depression (抑郁症) as young adults.
The researchers used a national long-term survey of healthy young teenagers of about 13—16 to find out the relationship between media(媒体) use and depression. They based their findings on more than 4000 young teenagers who were not depressed when the survey began in 1995.
As part of the survey, the young people were asked how many hours of television or videos they watched daily. They were also asked how often they played computer games and listened to the radio. Here was the result. The young people spent five and a half hours a day using media and more than 2 hours of that was spent watching TV.
Seven years later, in 2001, more than 7% of the young people had signs of depression. The average age at that time was 21. Brian Primack at the University of Pittsburgh medical school was the lead author of the new study. He says every extra hour of television meant an 8% increase in the chances of developing signs of depression.
The researchers say they did not find any such relationship with the use of other media such as movies, video games or radio. But the study did find that young men were more likely than young women to develop depression given the same amount of media use.
Doctor Primack says the study did not find out if watching TV causes depression directly. But one possibility, he says, is that it may take time away from activities that could help prevent depression, like sports and social activities. It might also prevent a person from sleeping well, he says, and that could have an influence.
The study was just published in the Archives of General Psychiatry.
In December, the journal Social Indicators Research published a study of activities that help lead to happy lives. Researchers from the University of Maryland found that people who describe themselves as happy spend less time watching television than unhappy people. The study found that happy people are more likely to be socially active, to read, attend social services and to vote.

Process of the study	Details
The purpose of the research	To find out    between media use and depression
At the beginning of the research	was made among over 4000 young people who were not depressed.
The result of the survey	These young people spent five and a half hours a day in using media and they spent over 2 hours or that
Seven years later	Researchers found 7% of the young people had a sign of depression. Every extra hour of watching TV meant an 8% increase in the chances of developing signs of depression.
Results of the study	1. Watching TV might have      and it may take time away from activities and sports. 2. Young men get more chance than young women to develop depression. 3. The reason some people get depression is that

We are all called upon to make a speech at some point in life, but most of us don’t do a very good job. This article gives some suggestions on how to give a successful speech.
So, you have to give a speech and you’re frightened. You get nervous, you forget what you want to say, you stumble(结巴)over words, you talk too long and your listeners feel tired of your speech. Later you think,   “Thank goodness, it’s over. I’m just no good at public speaking. I hope I never have to do that again.”
Cheer up! It doesn’t have to be that bad. You can do the following things to take the pain out of speech making. Ask yourself the purpose of your speech. What is the occasion(场合)? Why are you speaking? Then, collect as many facts as you can on your subject. Spend plenty of time doing your research. Then spend plenty of time putting your material in good order so that your speech is clear and easy to follow. Use as many examples as possible and use pictures, charts and graphs if they help you make your points clearer. Never forget your listeners. Don’t talk over their heads and don’t talk down to them. Respect your listeners. They will enjoy your thoughtfulness.
Just remember: Be prepared. Know your subject, your listeners and the occasion. Be brief. Say what you have to say and then stop. And be yourself. Let your personality come through so that you make person-to-person contact with your listeners.
If you follow the simple things, you’ll see that you don’t have to be afraid of public speaking. In fact, you may find the experience so enjoyable that you volunteer to make more speeches! You’re not confident yet. Give it a try and see what happens.

Suggestions on making a speech
Problems	You feel nervous and don’t remember the content you will say. You talk too much, making the listeners        .
______ to take	Knowing why you have to give the speech. Spending much time researching and having your material _____to make your speech smooth. Neither using too difficult words nor looking down upon your listeners but remembering to      them with respect.
Conclusion	Be well prepared. Don’t mention something ______. It is your personality that will help you communicate with your listeners well.

完成对话 从方框中选出恰当的句子回答问题。（共5小题，计5分）

A: It’s raining. B: I’m reading. C: He’s playing basketball. D. She’s cooking. E. Great!

How’s it going?
What’s she doing?
How’s the weather?
What are you doing?
What’s he doing?

任务型阅读。(每空1分，共10分)
Travelling is a very good activity. When you get tired of your work or study, and when you have free time, you can go to a beautiful place to enjoy the beauty of nature or other cities. You can breathe fresh air, meet different people and make friends with them. It’s good for your health to do so.
But sometimes, travelling is not an enjoyable thing. For example, the weather can be changeable. There may be rain when you travel. You may catch a cold or be ill while travelling. The worst thing is that the thieves may steal(偷) your money. All these may happen to a tourist.
When you go on a trip, you must get everything ready. Firstly, you must have clear information about the weather. Secondly, ask a friend to go with you so that you can help each other. Thirdly, you must be careful everywhere and try not to cause accidents. If you do this, you will surely enjoy your travelling.

Title :
Advantage	You can enjoy the     view of the nature. There will be a lot of fresh         around you. It can make you         .
Disadvantage	Sometimes it may      when you travel. It will make the road wet and slip. You may be           while travelling. The  thing is that you will lose some money.
Advice	At  , you should know about the weather clearly. Secondly , you must invite somebody to go together    you. Thirdly, do everything     . Don’t cause any accidents.

Elizabeth lived with her six children in a small house. One winter, there was a big flood(洪水) ,and quite a few houses were washed away, but Elizabeth’s house was high enough to escape it.
Elizabeth helped one of the families which had lost everything. She shared her home until the family could build a new house. Elizabeth’s friends could not understand her since she already had so many children to take care.
"Well," Elizabeth explained to her friends, at the end of World War II, there was a poor woman in a town in England .Her husband had been killed in the war and she had a lot of children, just like me now .The day before Christmas, this woman said to her children, “We won’t be able to have much for Christmas. I’m going to get just one present for us all .Now I’ll go and get it. She came back with a little girl who had no parents .Here’s our present, she said to her own children. The children were more than excited to get such a present. They welcomed the little girl warmly, and she grow up as their sister. I was that Christmas present."

How many children did Elizabeth have?, What did Elizabeth do after the flood? The Christmas present was Elizabeth herself, wasn’t it? What do you learn from the story?

任务型阅读 先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后根据短文内容在空格内填入一个适当的词，使短文意思完整。(本大题共5分，每格1分)
I once believed that a friend is a friend all the way. Now I have changed my ideas about friendships.
1. Friends of convenience（便利）. They can be the people who live next door or the mothers of our children’s closest friends. Friends of convenience are good indeed. They’ll help us when we need them. They’ll look after our cats when we go on holidays. But we don’t ever get too close or tell too much. Between us, we’ll talk about being overweight but not about being sad or heart-broken. However, people still find it necessary to make friends like this.
2. Special-interest friends. These friendships aren’t deeply personal or emotional（感情上的）. They lie in some shared interests, so we may have an office friend, a tennis friend, or even a shopping friend.
3. Historical friends. We all have a friend who knew us when … maybe we were back in the second grade of the primary school, when our family lived in that two-room flat downtown. He or she was the first, the only friend we told our secrets to.
The years have gone by, and we have gone different ways. But we’re still a personal part of each other’s past. We know how we looked before our teeth were straightened, and our getting together makes us think of an earlier part of ourselves, which is important and never lost.
4. Cross-generational friends. These are friendships that from across generations（代）. I have in my own life a true friend, a woman of 65, who is clever, who listens well, and who means not only an ideal mother to me but also the person I’d like to be when I grow up.
Best friends, I believe, totally love and help each other.

Types of friends	Description of friends
Friends of convenience	They can be theor the mothers of our  children’s closest friends.They can    us when we are in need.Though we don’t.alk about emotional topics，this doesn’t mean that there isn’t any to be found in these friendships.
Specialinterest friends	We usually  sortie interests with our specialinterest friends，so we may have anfriend，’a tennis   friend，or even a shopping friend.
friends	This kind of friendship was usually formed when we were children，so we know how webefore our teeth were straightened.Although we have little in common now，our getting together can  us of each other’s happy old  days.
I	Cross-generational friends usually aren’t from the    generation.A friend like this may    an ideal mother or the person 1 want to be when I grow up.

阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。
Tigers are fierce animals. They are the bosses of the Asian jungles with their cleverness, quickness and strength. A pussycat, on the other hand, is a homebody that comforts us with its gentle warmth and calms us with its purring.
As a mother, the Chinese-American writer Amy Chua is definitely a tiger. Her book, Battle Hymn of the Tiger Mother(虎妈战歌) . tells of the strict upbringing she gave her two children. She thinks that being strict is the only way to develop a child’s potential( 潜力) and to make them strong, independent and successful. Her kids were not allowed to watch TV or play video games. They were not allowed to "hang out" with other kids after school. They had to be the top students in their classes. And they had to practice the piano and violin for hours every day. As a result, her kids became successful. She admits this caused a lot of tears and anger but she has few regrets (后悔).
Chua says, like her, most Asian mothers are tigers because they believe their children can achieve a lot if they’re pushed hard enough. She says American mothers are really pussycats. They care more about their children’s self-esteem (自尊). They don’t want to push their kids too hard for fear of hurting their feelings. American mothers encourage their children to find their own path.
So, is a tiger mom better than a pussycat? Perhaps it depends on the differences between Asian and Western cultures. It may also depend on the child himself. Some kids need to be pushed while others respond to a gentler hand. To growl or to purr? There is no easy answer.
What’s the Tiger Mother, Amy Chua’s idea on children’s education? (根据短文内容回答问题)
______________________________________________________________________________
How did Amy Chua’s kids become successful? (根据短文内容列举两条)
(1)__________________________________________________________________________
(2)___________________________________________________________________________
Why are most Asian mothers tigers? (根据短文内容回答问题)
____________________________________________________________________________
请将第三段中句子翻译成汉语。
___________________________________________________________________________
What kind of mother would you like, a tiger or a pussycat? And why? (先回答，然后至少写一个句子说明原因)
____________________________________________________________________________

Travelling is a very good activity. When you get tired of your work or study, and when you have free time, you can go to a beautiful place to enjoy the beauty of nature or other cities. You can breathe fresh air, meet different people and make friends with them. It’s good for your health to do so.
But sometimes, travelling is not an enjoyable thing. For example, the weather can be changeable. There may be rain when you travel. You may catch a cold or be ill while travelling. The worst thing is that the thieves may steal(偷) your money. All these may happen to a tourist.
When you go on a trip, you must get everything ready. Firstly, you must have clear information about the weather. Secondly, ask a friend to go with you so that you can help each other. Thirdly, you must be careful everywhere and try not to cause accidents. If you do this, you will surely enjoy your travelling.

Title :
Advantage	You can enjoy the    view of the nature. There will be a lot of fresh       around you. It can make you      .
Disadvantage	Sometimes it may    when you travel. It will make the road wet and slip. You may be     while travelling. The   thing is that you will lose some money.
Advice	At   , you should know about the weather clearly. Secondly , you must invite somebody to go together    you. Thirdly, do everything    . Don’t cause any accidents.

The famous scientist and thinker， Charles Darwin， was born on February 12， 1809. His family lived not far from the River Severn， England.
Charles’ father was a well-known doctor and the son of a still greater doctor and scientist. Charles’ father hoped that his son would  also become a doctor.
As a boy Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and forests. He watched nature and compared what he saw with everything he had read in science books. He also liked collecting very much. He collected many things： eggs， stones， and leaves. His father did not like this， as Charles was not studying very well at school.
At the age of sixteen， Darwin was sent to Cambridge University in order to become a doctor. But he was interested in the history of nature.
Then he studied at Cambridge University until 1831.
Some time later， he heard that the ship Beagle was going on a trip to South America and wanted a scientist. His professor advised him to go. He said the trip would be just for Darwin. So when the ship left England in December 1831， Darwin was on it. The research lasted almost five years. The Beagle studied the waters in the sea near South America. It also visited New Zealand， Australia and islands in the Pacific. Darwin saw many new plants and animals. He collected all kinds of plants， which he sent home from the places he visited.
When he returned home， Darwin was warmly greeted by his families and many friends.
In 1842， Darwin went to live in Kent(肯特)， where he continued his studies of the changes in nature. Darwin understood that plants and animals are not always the same， and that they really change.
By 1859， Darwin had finished his famous book The Origin of Species（《物种起源》）. It made a great hit in the world of science. He was opposed(反对) by the church and even by some scientists. But later， more and more scientists agreed with him.
Darwin continued his studies in science until he died in 1882.

根据短文内容完成句子填空（每空限填一个单词）。
From the first paragraph of the passage， we know not only Darwin but also his ________ was a famous and great _________.
根据短文内容完成句子填空（每空限填一个单词）。
According to the passage， Darwin ___________ studying the changes in nature and had great ___________ of plants and animals.
把短文中画底线的句子译成汉语：
____________________________________________________________________________
根据短文内容回答问题。
According to the passage， what’s the influence of Darwin’s famous book The Origin of Species? ____________________________________________________________________________
根据短文内容用一个完整的英文句子(限12个词以内)回答问题。
What is the main idea of the passage?
____________________________________________________________________________

阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。
Chinese Culture
While China is almost the same size as the US in area, it is home to about 1.3 billion people. It has a special culture with a very long history.
Chinese Food

Food plays an important role for Chinese families. Different foods have special meanings. The most obvious(明显的) difference is that Chinese people eat their meals with chopsticks. One of the main foods in Chinese culture is rice. Tea is a favorite drink and it is popular in the market.
Chinese New Year
The Chinese calendar(日历) is called a lunar(阴历的) calendar. It is not the same as the one used in the US. New Year’s Day is in late winter. It is also called the Spring Festival. It has a big celebration of letting go of the old and bringing in the new. It has special foods and traditions. For example, sweeping the floor before New Year’s Day sweeps away all the old year’s bad luck.
Chinese Zodiac(生肖)
The Chinese zodiac, known as Sheng Xiao, follows a twelve-year cycle(循环). Each year is named for an animal. These animal signs are the rat, ox, tiger, rabbit, dragon, snake, horse, sheep, monkey, rooster, dog and pig. For example, the year that begins in 2016 is the Year of the Monkey.

Chinese Language
Chinese is a complex(复杂的) language. Chinese writing developed almost 4,000 years ago and may even be older. Chinese writing has thousands of characters. A character represents(代表) a word and also a meaning. Unlike English, there are no spaces in Chinese writing. Besides Standard Chinese, or Putonghua, Chinese people speak six other forms of the language, and there are many kinds of dialects(方言).
Is tea a favorite drink in China?
What is the Chinese calendar called?
How many years of cycle does the Chinese zodiac follow?
What does a Chinese character represent?
What does the passage mainly tell us about Chinese culture?

任务型阅读  阅读短文，根据文中信息完成文后表格。每空一词。
Alice is my pen friend. She is a 16-year-old girl from the UK, but now she lives in China. She is a middle school student in Nanjing. She likes going to school, but there are some things she doesn’t like, such as PE. She enjoys playing sports. She thinks sports are interesting and exciting. But she doesn’t like doing physical exercises in PE classes. She feels that they are boring! She likes Science best. It seems that the amazing and useful Science attracts her. She thinks she is on the way to be a scientist. She wishes to invent things to make the world more and more beautiful.
In her free time, she often goes to the beach. She loves just sitting around and talking to friends there. She’s getting better at understanding boys, but she hates listening to hours of talk about football. “It’s not interesting at all!” she once said to me.
That is my pen friend Alice.

My _____ friend
Basic information	Name： Alice                Age： 16 She was born in the UK, but she _____ in China now.
	what	Why/ For what
Likes	Playing sports	Interesting and exciting
Going to the ________	Sitting around and ___ with friends
Favourite subject： ______	__________ and useful
Dislikes	Having PE classes	Physical exercises are boring
____to talks about football	___________ at all.
wishes	To be a_________	Be attracted by Science
To invent things	Make the world more __________

任务型阅读。
The 2015 Nobel Prizes have been announced. Sweden's Nobel Prize committee said the Nobel Prize for medicine will go to scientists from Ireland, Japan and China. William Campbell from Ireland and Satoshi Omura from Japan share the prize for their discovery of the drug avcrmectin（除虫菌素）.The prize for medicine is also going to Tu Youyou. She discovered artemisinin（青蒿素）. Artemisinin is a drug that has greatly lowered the number of people who die from malaria(疟疾). The committee said her greatest achievement is that discovery of artemisinin has given the world new ways to fight against two serious diseases. That's why Ms. Tu got the prize. It is said those diseases influence millions of people every year.
Ms. Tu is the chief professor at the China Academy of Traditional Medicine. She is also the first Chinese citizen to be awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine. It took her great and painful effort to make the great discovery. She always tested the medicine by herself and her liver(肝) got badly hurt. From 1972 to 2012, Ms. Tu went through about 40 failures before she succeeded. But she never gave up and always fought on.
A member of the Nobel committee said that the award for Tu Youyou is the result of a great change in the way that Chinese do scientific research. He says China has spent a lot of money on this kind of research. This member also said that the work of the three scientists could help end the health risk of diseases affecting 3.4 billion people.
Is Ms. Tu the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel prize for medicine?
 
How long did it take her to make the discovery?
 
What is her greatest achievement?
 

任务型阅读（本题有1小题，共计5分）
请阅读上栏有关人员的信息，然后从下栏中找出与之相匹配的选项。
Mrs Smith doesn’t like to exercise outside, but she likes playing sports indoors.
(在室内)
Paul likes doing sports. He usually plays soccer in the park with his friends. His
favorite sport is soccer.
Zhao Xiaolin wants to buy a camera. Then she can take photos and show them
to her classmates.
Jim is very interested in pandas but he knows little about them. He wants to
borrow some books on pandas.
Sally, an 18-year-old girl, wants to be thin. She likes to exercise outside.

A.City Soccer Match The soccer match in our city is coming. Hope all the soccer fans can take part in it. B.City Library There are over 100,000 books of different kinds in this library. Two big reading rooms can hold 2,000 readers. It’s open from 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. on weekends. C.Health Club Do you want to look after your health? If you join our club, you can swim, play basketball, volleyball and ping-pong in the gym(体育馆). D.Running If you keep running 30 minutes every morning, you can be thin and healthy. And it can also make you clever. E.English Speech We have an English speech about pandas in Water Park this Sunday. Hope every English lover can come! F.Cannon Digital (数码) Camera A Cannon digital camera with 8 million pixels (像素) is on sale for 2,500 yuan in Wonderful Supermarket.

Nowadays more and more people enjoy living the trendy(流行的；赶时髦的)life. They(A)____to work, use e-mail and do some shopping or read on the Internet. They eat meals outside the restaurant. All this makes life easy and convenient (方便)
But there are also some people who try to bring back old trends. (B) They go to work on foot or on their bike, though they have their own car. They think this can help them to keep healthy. They write letters by hand and post them to their family members or friends. Before the New Year, they would like to send greeting cards instead of mass texting(群发短信). (C) _____ They like to go to the supermarket to buy what they want when they are free. They think it's interesting. (D) _____ When they read in bed, they feel relaxing and comfortable. After work, they like to go home at once. They enjoy cooking for themselves or for the family. (E) They say staying with the whole family is the biggest happiness. These people are called trend-bender(反潮流者)。
d在(A)处空白处填人一个适当的词。_____
d将(B)处句子改写成同义，每空一词。
They have their own car, _____ they_____ to work or go to work_____ bike.
d将下列两个子还原到(C)和(D)处。
①They enjoy reading "real" paper books instead of e-books.
②The one who receives the letters or cards full of feelings are moved.
d将(E)处的句子翻译成汉语。___________________________________________________
d回答下面的问题.
How many kinds of life are there in the passage? __________________________________________

阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。（共10分，每小题2分）
Our cities are getting bigger and bigger as more people move from the country to the cities. There are lots of reasons why they do this—mostly it is easy to find work, because all the big companies are in the cities and they need lots of people to work there. When there are lots of people living and working in a city, they need things like restaurants, shops, hospitals and schools. There are more jobs that people need to do. There will be lots of transport in the city to move all the people around. Everything you want will be found in the city: government offices, museums and art galleries, cinemas, big restaurants and parks.
Unfortunately(遗憾地) the city is much busier, more expensive, and more dangerous than the country. The air is not as fresh as in the country because of all the cars and trucks on the roads. There are so many people that are not as friendly——you cannot get to know everyone as you do in the country, and people may get lonely. You do not have much room in the city——most people live in apartments——not houses, and they do not have gardens or lots of space, and because of all the people there is also a lot of noises.
The country is much cheaper to live and there are less dangerous people than you find in cities. Perhaps the best thing is that you can have a big house with a garden and it will be very quiet, but there are not many jobs or services there. There are also not many shops, schools or hospitals. It is hard to get around in the country.
Every person is different, but more and more people are choosing to live in cities because there are so many jobs to do there. What do you think about the city?
Are our cities getting bigger than before?
Why do people move to the city?
What is the best thing about the country?
What is the problem with the country?
What does the writer think about cities?